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Da Tedesco a Inglese: Scientific news article General field: Scienze Detailed field: Biologia (Biotecnologia, Biochimica, Microbiologia)
Testo originale - Tedesco Drei Arten von Ernteameisen finden sich nicht nur nebeneinander in einem Lebensraum, sondern auch in gemischten Staaten. Obwohl sie nicht nahe verwandt sind, kommt es regelmäßig zu Kreuzungen. Warum diese Tiere die Artgrenze ignorieren, untersucht ein internationales Wissenschaftlerteam der Universitäten Innsbruck, Wien, Parma und Queensland sowie des Senckenberg Museums für Naturkunde Görlitz.
Ein Staat – eine Art. Vermischung von Kolonien verschiedener Ameisenarten galt bisher als seltene Ausnahme. Drei Arten der Gattung Messor leben aber nicht nur ausnahmsweise in Gemeinschaft. In Italien beobachteten Ameisenexperten, dass sowohl mehrere Arten mit verschiedenen Königinnen in einer Kolonie hausen, als auch Individuen herumkrabbeln, die weder dem einen noch dem anderen Volk eindeutig zuzuordnen sind. Das ist bemerkenswert, da bei nicht nah verwandten Arten eine Vermischung von Genen, die so genannte Hybridisierung, sehr selten ist.
Das macht den Effekt umso interessanter für die Wissenschaftler. Die Vermischung verschiedener Spezies kann eine wirkungsvolle Strategie der Natur sein, um neue Eigenschaften in den Arten zu etablieren und damit das Überleben zu erleichtern. Hybridisierung – bisher als Ausnahme oder Unfall betrachtet – rückt immer mehr in den Fokus der Evolutionsforschung. „Denn was genetisch und im sichtbaren Bauplan der Nachkommen aus Kreuzungen geschieht, hilft Fragen zur Artabgrenzung, entstehung und beständigkeit zu klären“, sagt Ameisenexperte Bernhard Seifert vom Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz.
Traduzione - Inglese Three species of harvester ants share not only the same habitat but also the same colony. Although they are not closely related, they often interbreed. The reason behind these ants’ disregard for boundaries between species is being investigated by an international team of scientists from the universities of Innsbruck, Vienna, Parma and Queensland and from the Seckenberg Museum of Natural History in Görlitz.
One colony – one species. Cases of different species of ants interbreeding have been considered anomalies, until now. Three species of the genus messor live in a shared community, and not in exceptional circumstances. In Italy, ant experts observed that various species with different queens lived within the same colony and that there were individuals crawling among them that cannot be clearly classified as belonging to one group or the other. This is remarkable because hybridisation, or interbreeding of non-closely related species, is a very rare occurrence.
This makes the topic even more interesting for the scientists. Interbreeding between different species can be an effective strategy in nature to introduce new characteristics in the species so they can survive more easily. Hybridisation – until now considered an anomaly or accident – is gaining increasing attention from evolutionary scientists. “This is because what happens genetically and in the visible blueprint of the descendants of interbreeding helps explain the boundaries between species, their origins and how stable they are” says ant expert Bernhard Seifert from the Seckenberg Museum of Natural History in Görlitz.
Da Spagnolo a Inglese: Scientific journal article General field: Scienze Detailed field: Biologia (Biotecnologia, Biochimica, Microbiologia)
Testo originale - Spagnolo Discusión comparativa
Los resultados obtenidos muestran como la historia evolutiva de cada una de las especies estudiadas está llena de particularidades únicas, lo cual obliga a que cualquier política de conservación tenga que ser específica para cada una de ellas. Lo que parecen tener en común todas las especies estudiadas es que ninguna de ellas necesita de programas "ex–situ", o de introducción de animales con características genéticas diferentes, para elevar los niveles de diversidad génica en sus respectivas poblaciones naturales. Por lo tanto, lo que es prioritario es la no destrucción del hábitat acuático, en el caso del delfín rosado, más estrictas medidas de control de la caza y la no alteración del hábitat terrestre para las otras cuatro especies. Para ello, es indispensable la aplicación de programas y recursos para educar convenientemente a las co munidades indígenas y de colonos que ejercen una fuerte presión depredadora en las especies referi das en el contexto amazónico.
Los resultados genéticos mostrados aquí pueden ayudar a consolidar estrategias de protección específicas para las poblaciones amazónicas de las especies reportadas. Este hecho es importante ya que, como reconocen Meffe & Carroll (1997), la persistencia de poblaciones dentro de sistemas locales puede ser más importante que la simple persistencia global de especies porque la pérdida de poblaciones locales representa una declinación importante en la biodiversidad si esas poblaciones contienen trazos genéticos o fenotípicos únicos. Por ejemplo, mientras que en términos de especie no se ha perdido biodiversidad en la familia de los rinoceróntidos en los dos últimos siglos porque ninguna especie se ha extinguido, desde el punto de vista poblacional, la pérdida de biodiversidad ha sido mayúscula. En el mejor de los casos han desaparecido más del 95% de las poblaciones que existían hace un siglo (Ashley et al., 1990; Dinerstein & McCracken, 1990; Santiapillai, 1992).
Traduzione - Inglese Comparative Discussion
The results obtained indicate that the evolutionary history of each species studied is full of unique characteristics, which indicates that any conservation policy must be specific to each species. What all the species considered in the study appear to have in common is that none of them require captive programmes or the introduction of animals with different genetic traits to increase gene diversity in their respective natural populations. Therefore, the priorities are the conservation of aquatic habitat for the pink river dolphin and stricter hunting control measures and the conservation of terrestrial habitat for the other four species. It is essential that programmes and resources be applied to adequately educate the indigenous and colonial communities that exert great predatory pressure on these species inhabiting the Amazonian region.
The genetic results presented in this study can help strengthen conservation strategies specific to the Amazonian populations of the species analysed. This is essential because the preservation of populations within local systems can be more important than the simple continued existence of a species on a global scale, since the loss of local populations represents a significant decline in biodiversity if those populations have unique genetic or phenotypic traits (Meffe & Carroll, 1997). For example, whereas in species terms the family Rhinocerotidae has experienced no biodiversity loss over the last two centuries because no species have become extinct, from a population perspective, the loss of biodiversity has been colossal. In the best-case scenario, over 95% of the populations that existed a century ago has now disappeared (Ashley et al., 1990; Dinerstein & McCracken, 1990; Santiapillai, 1992).
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Titoli di studio per la traduzione
Master's degree - Bristol University
Esperienza
Anni di esperienza: 11 Registrato in ProZ.com: May 2015. Membro ProZ.com da: Jun 2023.
Da Spagnolo a Inglese (University of Manchester) Da Catalano a Inglese (University of Manchester, verified) Da Tedesco a Inglese (University of Manchester, verified) Da Spagnolo a Inglese (University of Bristol, verified) Da Tedesco a Inglese (University of Bristol, verified)
Da Catalano a Inglese (Institut Ramon Llull)
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Hello! I'm Natalia, an experienced translator with over 10 years of professional practice. I was raised multilingually in Mallorca and pursued comprehensive linguistic education in the UK. My career spans various linguistic roles, enriched by living in five different countries. I offer translation, back translation and review services from Spanish, German, Italian and Catalan into English. I specialise in Academia, Medicine, Pharma & Life Sciences, delivering timely, high-quality work. I'm reachable via email Mon–Sun, 08:00–18:00 UK time.
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Parole chiave: German, Spanish, Catalan, English, British, UK, English native, German-English, Spanish-English, Catalan-English. See more.German, Spanish, Catalan, English, British, UK, English native, German-English, Spanish-English, Catalan-English, Italian-English, German to English, Spanish to English, Catalan to English, Italian to English, Translator: German to English, Translator: Spanish to English, Translator: Catalan to English, Translator: Italian to English, German to English translator, Spanish to English translator, Catalan to English translator, Italian to English translator, German to English translation, Spanish to English translation, Catalan to English translation, Italian to English translation, professional German to English translator, professional Spanish to English translator, professional Catalan to English translator, professional German to English translation, professional Spanish to English translation, professional Catalan to English translation, professional Italian to English translation, DE, ES, CA, EN, IT, Natalia Pastor Pearce, Natalie Pastor Pearce, international English, professional translation, professional translator, quality translation, fast translation, German translator, Spanish translator, Catalan translator, Italian translator, English translator, British translator, UK English translator, English native translator, German translation, Spanish translation, Catalan translation, Italian translation, English translation, British translation, UK English translation, English native translation, specialist German translator, specialist Spanish translator, specialist Catalan translator, specialist English translator, specialist British translator, specialist UK English translator, specialist Italian translator, specialist English native translator, specialist German translation, specialist Spanish translation, specialist Catalan translation, specialist Italian translation, specialist English translation, specialist British translation, specialist UK English translation, specialist English native translation, localisation, localization, journal, article, journal article, academia, academic, life science, life sciences, science, sciences, science translation, medicine, medical, medical translation, pharmaceutical, clinical trial, SMPC, PIL, ICF, PIS, doctor's letter, regulatory, cardiology, medical device, freelance, tourism, travel, astronomy, earth sciences, biology, chemistry, natural science, physical science, physics, ecology, oceanography, geology, meteorology, space science, zoology, botany. See less.
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