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Da Inglese a Baluchi Da Inglese a Bhojpuri (e Tharu) Da Inglese a Bengali Da Inglese a Burmese Da Inglese a Cinese Da Inglese a Creek Da Inglese a Dari Da Inglese a Francese Da Inglese a Tedesco Da Inglese a Gujarati Da Inglese a Giapponese Da Inglese a Kannada Da Inglese a Kashmiri Da Inglese a Khmer (centrale) Da Inglese a Coreano Da Inglese a Italiano Da Inglese a Malese Da Inglese a Maithili Da Inglese a Malayalam Da Inglese a Marathi Da Inglese a Nepalese Da Inglese a Oriya Da Inglese a Punjabi; Panjabi Da Inglese a Persiano (farsi) Da Inglese a Portoghese Da Inglese a Pashto (Pushto) Da Inglese a Rajasthani Da Inglese a Sanscrito Da Inglese a Russo Inglese (monolingue) Da Inglese a Sinhala (Singalese) Da Inglese a Spagnolo Da Inglese a Tamil Da Inglese a Telugu Da Inglese a Tibetano Da Inglese a Turco Da Inglese a Urdu Da Inglese a Vietnamita Da Inglese a Danese Da Inglese a Indonesiano Da Inglese a Svedese Da Inglese a Ucraino Da Inglese a Norvegese Da Inglese a Finlandese Da Inglese a Somalo Da Arabo a Inglese
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Rates per language pair: Da Arabo a Inglese - Tariffa standard: 0.11 EUR a parola / 75 EUR all'ora
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Traduzioni di prova presentate: 9
Da Francese a Inglese: BTG-PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Testo originale - Francese ENERGIE CHARBON DU SENEGAL
RUFISQUE, SENEGAL
1 X 125 MW TPS
DESCRIPTION DU SYSTEME REGENERATIF DU CHAUFFAGE DE L’ALIMENTATION (REGENERATIVE FEED HEATING SYSTEM)
1.0 GENERAL
Le cycle thermique de l’usine a été conçu conformément aux pratiques et concepts récents régnant dans le domaine de la conception des centrales d’électricité. Le cycle a été conçu principalement pour le fonctionnement de turbine et de chaudière sur un système d’unité.
Le cycle d’alimentation régénératif démarre au condensateur à basse pression et termine à l’entrée de l’économiseur à haute pression. Le système du chauffage de l’alimentation pour chaque unité se compose de pompes de condensât, éjecteurs principaux, radiateurs à basse pression, condenseur de buée, refroidisseur de drain (drain cooler), dégazeur, pompes d’alimentation pour la chaudière et radiateurs à haute pression avec de la tuyauterie reliant les côtés vapeur et eau. Les pompes d’extraction du condensât (condensate extraction pumps) prennent de l’aspiration à partir du puit chaud du condenseur et pompent le condensât vers le dégazeur à travers les systèmes de tube des éjecteurs principaux, le condenseur de buée, refroidisseur de drain (drain cooler) et les radiateurs basse pression. Les pompes d’alimentation de la chaudière prennent de l’aspiration du dégazeur et pompent l’eau d’alimentation vers la chaudière à travers des radiateurs haute pression. Le condensât /eau d’alimentation se chauffe progressivement par la vapeur émanant des extractions de turbine ainsi que celle échappant du condenseur de buée. Des éjecteurs de jets d’air et de vapeur (steam jet air ejectors) ont été installés pour conserver le vide dans le condenseur.
1.1 VAPEUR PRINCIPALE, SYSTEME POST-COMBUSTION FROID ET POST-COMBUSTION CHAUD
La vapeur principale provenant de la sortie de la chaudière (fil simple) est dirigée vers l’extrémité de la turbine d’où les branchements individuels conduisent à la turbine haute pression à travers le tamis de la vapeur principale et les vannes d’arrêt de secours et de contrôle de la turbine. Un robinet d’isolement (isolating valve) motorisé est prévu à l’extrémité chaudière pour l’isolement. Une vanne de dérivation (Bypass valve) est installée sur le robinet d’arrêt de la vapeur principale pour réchauffer la pipe line en aval du robinet. La vapeur pour le système auxiliaire de vapeur ou démarrage de l’unité est tirée de la ligne de vapeur principale pour l’exploitation normale de l’unité à partir de la ligne CRH.
La vapeur de l’échappement de la turbine HP est ramenée vers la chaudière pour réchauffement à travers le clapet de non retour motorisé (power assisted non-return valve). La vapeur froide de post combustion est dirigée vers l’extrémité chaudière à travers un tuyau simple.
La vapeur post combustion de la chaudière sera ramenée vers la turbine à travers un tuyau simple HRH lequel aussi se branche à l’extrémité turbine vers la turbine à pression intermédiaire via le tamis à vapeur et les vannes de la turbine.
1.2 SYSTEME DE SOUTIRAGE (EXTRACTION STEAM SYSTEM)
Le soutirage pour la chaudière-6 HP le plus haut et le bornage du dégazeur (deaerator pegging) est tiré du tuyaux froid post combustion. La chaudière 5 HP est alimentée en vapeur extraite de la turbine IP, étape intermédiaire. Le dégazeur est conçu de manière à fonctionner sous une pression variable entre 55% à 100% de charge sur la turbine et dans cette gamme, la vapeur est tirée de l’extraction de la turbine, c à d, de l’échappement IP. Au démarrage de la turbine, le dégazeur est alimenté en vapeur à partir de la ligne froide de post combustion ainsi qu’à partir d’une ligne d’alimentation extérieure, c à d, d’un collecteur de vapeur auxiliaire. La vapeur pour les radiateurs LP (1, 2 et 3) est extraite de différentes étapes de la turbine LP.
Des clapets de retenue à fermeture rapide (Quick closing non-return valves) sont prévus sur les lignes d’extraction vers le HPH-5, le dégazeur et le LPH-3 afin de prévenir le retour de la vapeur dans la turbine lors d’un cycle. Ces clapets sont contrôlés à l’aide du système de contrôle de la turbine. Des robinets vannes de sectionnement motorisés sont installés sur les lignes d’extraction allant vers les HPH-6, HPH-5, dégazeur, LPH-3 & LPH-2.
1.3 SYSTEME DE L’EAU D’ALIMENTATION
Après la désaération dans le dégazeur, l’eau d’alimentation est dirigée vers les pompes d’alimentation de la chaudière (boiler feed pumps) de capacité 2 x 100% fournies avec les unités de pompes de surpression. Normalement, une pompe est en marche tandis que la deuxième pompe est de secours.
Les pompes d’alimentation de la chaudière sont entraînées par moteur électrique par accouplement hydraulique à vitesse variable. Une pompe d’alimentation de la chaudière est capable de générer le débit requis pour une unité. Chaque pompe d’alimentation de la chaudière fournira la pression de l’eau d’alimentation nécessaire pour surmonter les pertes dues à la résistance de frottement et à la hauteur statique dans les chaudières à l’eau d’alimentation à haute pression et la tuyauterie et fournir la pression requise à l’entrée de l’économiseur du générateur de vapeur.
Des boucles de régulation de recyclage individuel sont envisagées pour les pompes pour le maintien du débit minimum requis. Une sortie commune de l’eau d’alimentation à part des BFP est amenée à la chaudière à travers des radiateurs HP. Chaque radiateur HP est équipé de vannes d’isolement motorisées d’entrée et de sortie et d’une soupape de dérivation motorisée. L’eau d’alimentation vers la chaudière, durant l’exploitation à charge basse, sera réglée en actionnant la soupape de contrôle à basse capacité en utilisant le contrôle à l’élément simple, et durant l’exploitation à charge élevée, le débit sera réglé à l’aide d’un contrôle à trois éléments.
L’eau de refroidissement pour la station de dérivation HP est tirée de la ligne principale d’eau d’alimentation en amont des radiateurs HP. L’eau de refroidissement pour la vapeur principale de la chaudière et le contrôle de température du réchauffeur sont tirés de la décharge de la pompe d’alimentation de la chaudière après les radiateurs HP.
Au cours de l’exploitation normale, le tuyau d’évacuation (drain) du radiateur-6 HP est cascadé vers le radiateur-5 HP. Le drain du radiateur-5 HP avec le drain du radiateur-6 HP sont cascadés vers le dégazeur. Au cas où le HPH-5 n’est pas disponible, le drain HPH-6 sera cascadé vers le dégazeur. Sous conditions à haut niveau, les drains de radiateur sont directement dirigés vers le condenseur via le ballon de détente HPD.
1.4 SYSTEME CONDENSAT
La vapeur de l’échappement de la turbine LP et de la dérivation LP est condensée dans un condenseur muni d’un circuit divisé d’eau de refroidissement. A partir de la bâche de condenseur qui est divisé par l’intérieur, deux tuyaux de sortie de condensât ramènent le condensât aux pompes d’extraction de condensât motorisées à charge 2 x 100%. Normalement, une pompe est en marche tandis que la deuxième pompe est de secours.
La pompe d’extraction de condensât est munie d’une crépine d’aspiration, d’une vanne de décharge motorisée et d’un clapet de retenue (non return valve). Un tuyau d’alimentation commune transporte le condensât de ces pompes vers le condenseur de buée en ligne et les éjecteurs principaux. Afin de fournir un débit adéquat à travers le CEP, les éjecteurs principaux et le condenseur de buée, l’écoulement du condensât sera mesuré et un clapet de recyclage envisagé en aval de l’unité du condenseur de buée, sera réglé afin d’assurer le débit minimum requis. Après le condenseur de buée, le condensât principal passe à travers la vanne de contrôle principal de l’écoulement du condensât.
Ensuite, le condensât passe par le refroidisseur de drain, le LPH1, le LPH-2, le LPH3 et puis au dégazeur.
Au cours du fonctionnement normal, le drain LPH-3 est cascadé vers le LPH-2, le drain LPH-2 est cascadé vers le LPH-1 et le drain LPH-1 est cascadé vers la boîte de bavure du drain (drain flash box) via le refroidisseur de drain. Sous conditions du niveau élevé, les drains de LPH3/LPH 2/LPH1 sont dirigés directement vers le condenseur via le réservoir de bavure (flash tank) LPD.
Un système de drain haut niveau est envisagé pour le dégazeur pour vider l’excès du condensât venant du réservoir du stockage de l’alimentation dans le réservoir de bavure LPD automatiquement en cas du niveau excessivement haut.
2.0 SYSTEME DE DERIVATION A HAUTE PRESSION
L’unité TG a été équipée du système de dérivation HP/LP conçu de manière à traiter 60% du débit aux conditions nominales de l’entrée de la vapeur de la turbine. La station de dérivation pour l’unité TG permet l’opération de la chaudière en établissant l’écoulement de la vapeur de la ligne principale de la vapeur vers le condenseur sans passer à travers les turbines. Cela permet l’augmentation rapide des paramètres de la vapeur à un niveau acceptable pour la mise en position (roll off) de la turbine lors du démarrage. Cela facilite aussi le maintien d’un allumage stable depuis le démarrage de la mise en position (roll off) de la turbine jusqu’à ce que l’écoulement entier de la station de dérivation soit transféré à la turbine.
Le système de dérivation HP se branche des tuyaux de la vapeur principale et la vapeur de la sortie de la dérivation HP est alimentée dans la tuyauterie froide post combustion. La pulvérisation pour la station de dérivation HP est tirée de la ligne principale de l’eau d’alimentation en amont des radiateurs HP.
Le système de dérivation haute pression est composé d’une vanne de contrôle combinée pour contrôle de la réduction de pression et de désurchauffe avec actionneur électro hydraulique monté sur vanne. La vanne de régulation, quand on l’ouvre, court circuit l’écoulement de la vapeur de la chaudière autour de la turbine à haute pression, vers le réchauffeur. Un système de contrôle de pression est prévu afin de contrôler la pression de l’étrangleur en réglant l’écoulement de la dérivation à l’aide de la vanne de régulation. Le point de consigne de la pression est réglable manuellement et sera réglé à une valeur supérieure à la valeur du point de consigne de la pression de l’étrangleur du système de contrôle synchronisé. On a également prévu un système de contrôle de température pour contrôler automatiquement la température de la vapeur en aval de la vanne à la valeur donnée du point de consigne. Il est possible de régler le point de consigne de la température à distance, manuellement. Le contrôle de la station de dérivation HP se fait indépendamment du contrôle de la dérivation LP.
3.0 SYSTEME DE VAPEUR AUXILIAIRE
Le système de vapeur auxiliaire est conçu de manière à fournir de la vapeur pour les auxiliaires de la turbine, auxiliaires de la chaudière et le système d’alimentation au moment du démarrage, de faibles charges et du fonctionnement normal des unités.
Le système de vapeur auxiliaire se compose de deux stations réductrices de pression et de la désurchauffe de la vapeur auxiliaire (PRDS). Une « PRDS à haute capacité » avec possibilité de recueillir sur la ligne de la vapeur principale pour répondre aux besoins en vapeur auxiliaire durant le démarrage de l’unité, faibles charges et pour le système d’alimentation et autres « PRV basse capacité » (détendeur de pression) avec possibilité de recueillir à partir de la ligne froide de post combustion afin de répondre aux besoins en vapeur auxiliaire durant le fonctionnement normal. L’eau d’arrosage nécessaire pour le désurchauffe sera recueillie sur la décharge de la pompe d’extraction du condensât.
Un ‘Collecteur de l’unité de haute température’ (high temperature unit header) (11 kg/cm2 (a) et 320°C) tirant de la vapeur des station PRDS ci-dessus et un ‘Collecteur de l’unité de basse température’ (11 kg/cm2 (a) et 220°C) tirant de la vapeur du collecteur de l’unité de haute température via un désurchauffe, ont été envisagés.
Durant le fonctionnement normal, la PRDS basse capacité sera en marche. Le passage du contrôle de la PDRS basse capacité à la PDRS haute capacité sera automatique avec possibilité d’entrée en tiers priorité manuelle.
DESCRIPTION GENERALE DU GENERATEUR DE VAPEUR
Le générateur de vapeur proposé est une unité type installation extérieure, à réchauffement rayonnant, circulation naturelle, tambour simple, conçue pour allumage par charbon à 100%. Le débit nominal et la température sont les suivant : 400t/h et 540/540 °C (SGMCR).
La section entière du four est du type mur soudé, conçue comme une enveloppe étanche au gaz et à la pression. La section prolongée du mur latéral (où sont installés les resurchauffeurs) est également recouverte d’une section refroidie par eau. Le système de circulation sera complété avec le nombre nécessaire de tuyaux de descente non chauffés, tuyauterie d’alimentation et colonne montante.
Le système de la vapeur surchauffée dispose notamment de trois sections. La section surchauffeur à basse température (disposée dans la deuxième passe de l’unité), le surchauffeur à plateau rayonnant (disposé sur la section sortie du four) et le surchauffeur final (disposé après le réchauffeur). Un désurchauffeur a été prévu au niveau du lien entre le LTSH et le surchauffeur à plateau pour assurer le contrôle de la température de la vapeur surchauffée sur une large gamme de charge. La deuxième passe complète de la chaudière (jusqu’à l’économiseur) a été recouverte des sections du mur du surchauffeur refroidies par la vapeur.
Le réchauffeur a été installé sur une section dans la passe horizontale de la chaudière entre la surchauffeur à plateau rayonnant et la section de la surchauffeur définitive. Le réchauffeur désurchauffeur a été prévu dans la tuyauterie de la vapeur froide post combustion au niveau d’entrée du réchauffeur.
La situation et la sélection des sections du surchauffeur et du réchauffeur ont été choisie de manière à permettre la réalisation des températures nominales de la surchauffe et de la réchauffe, avec la charge de la chaudière allant de 60% TMCR à 100% BMCR. L’inclinaison du brûleur utilisée pour contrôler la température devrait varier entre +25 deg. à – 25 deg en fonctions des caractéristiques du carburant, conditions d’exploitation, etc.
La chaudière comporte un économiseur à tube non huilé en tuyaux en acier sans soudure installé entre la section LTSH et les pré réchauffeurs d’air Régénératif (RAPH).
On propose la chaudière avec deux pré réchauffeurs d’air régénératifs rotatifs, représentant la dernière étape de la récupération de la chaleur. Le réchauffeur d’air dispose de filières séparées pour chauffer l’air primaire (requis pour les pulvériseurs) et l’air secondaire, avec gaz de carneau.
La section préparation de carburant dispose notamment de quatre broyeurs à cuve tournante à broche verticale installés pour fonctionnement sous pression. Chaque section du broyeur à cuve tournante est équipée d’un doseur gravimétrique de charbon brut. Le carburant pulvérisé de chaque broyeur est amené à travers la tuyauterie de carburant pulvérisé à la boîte à vent du brûleur dans le four – une chacune sur les quatre coins du four à l’élévation unique. La section boîte à vent du brûleur sera installée dans les quatre coins du four et disposée pour allumage tangentiel à basculement. La température du mélange carburant air à la sortie du broyeur variera de 66 à 90 deg C en fonction des caractéristiques du carburant, conditions d’exploitation, etc.
La chaudière est proposée avec un système LDO pour le démarrage et la stabilité de la flamme à faible charge. Les pistolets de graissage/brûleurs seront allumés par des allumeurs à arc Haute Energie (HEA). Des scanneurs et système scanneur air seront également prévus. Le système de graissage comporte des unités de pompage, tuyauterie, vannes et accessoires etc. nécessaires.
La chaudière est du type soutenu par le haut, et elle est fournie avec le cadre structural de soutènement en acier, galeries et escaliers.
La chaudière dispose de deux ventilateurs d’air primaire froid type radial et deux ventilateurs de chauffe type radial pour alimenter la chaudière en air primaire/secondaire.
Le système de ramassage de poussière pour la chaudière inclus un dépoussiéreur électrostatique avec deux filières indépendantes.
La chaudière sera équipée de deux ventilateurs à ID radial, installés après le système de ramassage de poussière.
Seront fournis la tuyauterie complète intégrale, vannes et accessoires, ensemble de gaines pour air et gaz avec amortisseurs/clapets suivant les plans ci-joints. Des matériaux réfractaires nécessaires seront également prévus. Les détails de différentes sections de la chaudière sont élaborés dans les pages suivantes du présent cahier des charges.
DESCRIPTION GENERALE DU TURBO GENERATEUR A VAPEUR (STG)
La turbine est du type condensateur, conception compound en tandem avec cylindres séparés HP/IP et LP. Le cylindre combiné HP/IP a une conception ‘débit inversé’ (reverse flow design) avec aubages haute pression et pression intermédiaire. Le cylindre LP est du type écoulement double. La turbine est conçue notamment selon le principe de réaction avec régulateur d’admission pour entraîner le turbo générateur en pleine capacité à courant alternatif. Voici les paramètres de conception 125 MW, 126 ata, 535 deg. C, 3000 tpm et 0,0676 ata de contre pression.
La turbine est capable d’accepter les variations dans les limites à partir des conditions nominales, telles recommandées par l’IEC – 45.
TYPE MODULAIRE
La turbine est fabriquée conformément la philosophie de dessin bien éprouvée de « Principe modulaire » dans le domaine de l’engineering de la turbine à vapeur.
Les modules de conception facile HP et LP sont combinés et calibrés pour les rendements de puissance, paramètres de vapeur et configurations de cycle requis afin de fournir l'ensemble le plus économique. Cette manoeuvrabilité est réalisée sans compromettre la fiabilité des modules lesquels sont régis par la forme et la configuration des cylindres à rotor et la distance entre les paliers.
La turbine comprend des modules K 30-16 pour la turbine combinée HP/IP et N 30-2x3.2 m2 pour la turbine LP. Ces modules associent la conception et les éléments de construction qui ont prouvé leur fiabilité de service et qui assurent un fonctionnement sans problème sur de longues périodes d'exploitation et, en même temps, assurent de hauts rendements thermiques. Tous les matériaux employés pour la fabrication de différentes composantes, sont les mieux adaptés pour le travail exigé et, on les a sélectionnés suite à une recherche exhaustive et une longue expérience.
Voici les éléments saillants de la turbine:
- aubes de réaction avec haut rendement à étapes
- aubages basse pression à rendement élevé, de technique de pointe
- souplesse de fonctionnement avec démarrages et chargement rapides
- chaises de palier isolées afin de minimiser les déformations du palier
- large gamme de fréquence pour fonctionnement continu
- coût d’entretien réduit grâce à la simplicité globale
- les deux rotors ont été usinés dans le forgeage monobloc (so Labell lid)
- équilibrage des rotors à la vitesse nominale et en survitesse jusqu’à 120%
- équipements sophistiqués pour le contrôle et le suivi
- opération du clapet de surpression au dessus de la puissance de sortie 120 MW
Le jeu axial entre le guide et les aubes en mouvement à été choisi de manière à réduire la taille des gouttelettes et l’érosion des bords d’attaque du profil qui en résulte. L’extraction basse pression a été optimisée non seulement à cause des critères thermodynamiques mais aussi pour évacuer l’humidité efficacement. Des aubes autoporteuses ont été envisagées avec une tolérance étroite sur de fréquences naturelles.
Les chaises de palier et le carter extérieur LP sont liés à l’aide d’un soufflet afin de conserver les jeux sur les bagues (maintain the gland clearances) sous toutes conditions d’opération.
Dans la turbine LP sont utilisées des petites aubes semblables aux sections HP et IP (aubage tambour) et des aubes longues à torsade en forgeage de précision (aubage LP).
Les quatre dernières étapes du rotor LP (sur les deux côtés) sont des aubes autoporteuses. L’absence des fils tendeurs et de l’anneau de renforcement de turbine élimine la possibilité d’échec de ces équipements. Les aubes assurent le fonctionnement sûr à tout moment, même sur de basses fréquences.
GENERATEUR
Le générateur synchrone et du type 2 pôles, 3 phases, refroidi par air et est conçu pour fonctionnement continu à son rendement nominal.
SYSTEME D’EXCITATION
Le système d’excitation sans balai se compose principalement d’une excitatrice CA, des roues de redresseur tournant, du générateur à aimants permanents et de l’équipement du réglage automatique de tension. Le système fonctionne avec un haut degré de fiabilité et a besoin de peu d’entretien.
CONTROLE ET INSTRUMENTATIONS
La plateforme de contrôle proposé pour le SG, le TG et le Contrôle de l’Equilibre de l’Usine (Balance of Plant Control) est un système maxDNA de technique de pointe qui fournit une Automation Intégrée Unifiée pour 1 x 125 MW, Centrale Electrique à charbon au Sénégal. Le système MMI, partie intégrante du maxDNA, représente l’interface opérateur pour l’usine et le procédé.
Une solution de contrôle à plateforme unique, pour le SG, le TG et la station DCS, élimine le besoin des interfaces en série et câblées entre les différents îlots de contrôle et sous systèmes. La solution unifiée prévoit une interface homme machine unifiée et des diagnostiques unifiés. Cette réalisation présente également de nombreux avantages tels que l’optimisation efficace et la réduction dans plusieurs éléments de matériels, l’unification de la formation de l’opérateur et l’entretien.
Pour le système de contrôle unifié, configuré sur une base d’unité au niveau du MMI, nous avons étudié 8 OWS, une station de calcul d’Engineering et de Performance, une station maxSTORIAN et une paire redondante commune de station maxLINKS.
Tous les contrôles intégraux (boucle ouverte ainsi que boucle fermée) du Générateur de Vapeur, de la Turbine à Vapeur et de la station DCS seront prévus selon les besoins du plan de procédé/de contrôle de l’équipement de la centrale principale. Toutes ces tâches de contrôle seront mise en œuvre dans les processeurs DPU redondants de contrôleurs à fonctions multiples et d’acquisition de donnés (redundant multi-function controller and data acquisition processors DPU).
• Le plan de configuration de la Solution d’Automation Unifiée, le plan n°A4-SK-804-Senegal-01, Rev 00 (4 feuilles) est ci-joint.
• Le système de communication maxNET, fondé sur Switched Fast Ethernet Standard fonctionnant à une vitesse de 100 Mbps, est entièrement redondant et constitue la base du système. Le maxNET interconnecte les unités de Traitement à Distance (RPUs), lesquelles comportent les Unités de Traitement Distribuées (DPUs) et les modules I/O.
• Philosophie de câblage maxNET : le câblage maxNET s’effectuera de la manière suivante :
Toutes les connexions à partir des DPUs vers les commutateurs ethernet et des maxSTATIONS vers les commutateurs ethernet seront réalisées sur des câbles électriques UTP.
L’interconnexion entre les commutateurs dans la zone contrôleur et la zone MMI (maximum 100 mts) sera réalisée sur des câbles électriques UTP.
• Les unités de traitement distribuées (DPU) sont proposées comme contrôleurs frontaux. La DPU est un contrôleur multifonctions ainsi qu’un processeur d’acquisition de données, exécutant des algorithmes de contrôle, séquence de logique, séquences du temps d’événements, estampillées sur une résolution d’1 ms, et l’acquisition de données.
• Les groupements fonctionnels sont affectés aux diverses DPU en fonction des rapports procédé et contrôle, de façon suivante :
CONTROLES DU GENERATEUR DE VAPEUR :
a) MFT 1, 2 & 3 (avec 2 de 3)*.
b) Unité de Purge
c) Oil AB + Charbon A
d) Oil CD + Charbon B & C
e) Oil DE + Charbon D & E.
f) SBC + SADC
g) Contrôles de derivation HP
* les stations MFT sont réalisées en DPUs simple. Toutes les autres DPUs auront la configuration 1:1.
CONTROLES DE LA TURBINE A VAPEUR
a) EHTC (TMR) **
b) TP (TMR) **
c) TSE+ ATT + EHA + dérivation LP + GSPC + station commune TME
** les stations TMR ie TMR 1, TMR 2 et TMR 3 du EHTC et TP sont réalisées en DPUs simple. Toutes les autres DPUs auront la configuration 1:1.
(Outre les éléments ci-dessus, du matériel à but spécial tels que TSI, LSR, LMU, Auto synchroniseur auront une conception classique. De plus, les modules d’interface pour la protection de la Turbine et le système de régulation y compris les contrôleurs de position seront basés sur un matériel d’EDN à but spécial, interfacé de manière appropriée avec le système maxDNA).
• Les interfaces d’entraînement seront réalisées par des modules I/O.
• Toute opération se fera à travers le Poste de Travail de l’Opérateur (OWS). Toutefois, seule une console minimum câble sera prévue pour le SG et le TG afin de faciliter l’arrêt en cas d’urgence.
EQUILIBRAGE DU CONTROLE DE LA CENTRALE (Station DCS) Les contrôles sont les suivants :
Le système de contrôle à boucle fermée comporte les boucles de contrôle suivantes (typiques) :
1. LPH – 2 Contrôle de Niveau
2. LPH – 3 Contrôle de Niveau
3. HPH – 5 Contrôle de Niveau
4. HPH – 6 Contrôle de Niveau
5. Contrôle de Niveau Hotwell
6. Cond. Min Contrôle de Recyclage
7. Contrôle de Niveau dégazeur
8. Contrôle de pression dégazeur
9. Contrôle de la Press. Ejecteur de la Vapeur (Ejector steam Press Control)
10. Contrôle de Niveau tambour
11.Contrôle de la pelle BFP (BFP Scoop Control)
12.Contrôle debit air
13. Contrôle pression du four
14.Contrôle Tempér.usine/debit air
15. Contrôle débit carburant
16. Contrôle Température de la vapeur SH
17. Contrôle Température de la vapeur RH
18. Réglage de la Combustion
19. Contrôle de la pression et de la température de la vapeur souffleuse de suie
20. Contrôle de la pression et du débit LDO
21.Contrôle de la pression du Collecteur PA (PA Header Press control)
22. Contrôle de dosage d’Hydrazine
23. Contrôle de dosage Phosphate
24. Morphine Contrôle de dosage Morphine
Système de contrôle à boucle ouverte (classique) comporte les contrôles/séquences suivants:
1. FD ventilateur A & B
2. FD / ID / PA ventilateur LOP’s
3. ID ventilateur – A & B
4. PA ventilateur – A & B
5. AH – A & B
6. AH – LOP’s
7. BFP A & B
• Nous avons aussi pris en considération les I/O supplémentaires, à terminer par le partenaire, dans la station DCS:
a) Contrôles Electriques: 675 I/O Approx pour le suivi et les alarmes
b) BOP I/O du Partenaire (CWP, ACWP, CCWP, CTF, compresseurs d’Air): Approx 410 I/O
• Les Boucles Ouvertes et les Boucles Fermées relatives aux divers sous systèmes des Contrôles Intégraux SG, Contrôles intégraux de la Turbine et Contrôles d’Equilibrage de la Centrale sont mises en œuvre dans le maxDPU, une paire redondante des contrôleurs à fonctions multiples. L’organisation décentralisée du matériel électronique permet la réalisation d’une hiérarchie d’automation transparente. Chaque RPUs abrite le(s) contrôleur(s) du groupe/sous groupe, l’affectation des boucles Ouvertes et Fermées (groupement fonctionnel), suivant chaque DPU, sera finalisée lors de l’engineering détaillé. Les boucles de contrôle sont réalisées avec des redondances de contrôleur, afin de refléter les rapports de procédés.
• Les plans fonctionnels d’OLCS et de CLCS et les blocs de contrôle d’entraînement (drive control blocks) sont mis en œuvre en utilisant l’assemblage par blocs fonctionnels. Il existe trois types de blocs de fonction, à savoir, le bloc Atomique, le bloc Standard et le bloc Personnalisé. Les blocs atome et standard sont disponibles en tant que fonctions de bibliothèque dans l’utilité du configurateur DPU des maxTOOLS.
• Les opérations d’entraînement seront réalisées à travers les modules I/O et, l’interface opérateur se fera seulement par le Poste de Travail Opérateur (OWS). Toutefois, des boutons poussoirs d’urgence câblés seront prévus pour faciliter l’arrêt en cas d’urgence. Nulle autre opération par matériel de secours n’est envisagée.
Système d’interface homme machine :
L’installation interface homme machine – Système d’acquisition de Données (MMI-DAS) prévue pour la centrale entière (c à d, deux unités) sera comme ci-après :
a) 8 OWS munis de CRTs 19 pouces et 5 imprimantes réseau sont prévus. Les OWS prévoit l’interface opérateur pour la centrale à travers le VPC.
b) Un poste de calcul d’engineering et de performance avec CRT 19 pouces
c) Un maxSTORIAN avec CRT 19 pouces. Les postes maxSTORIAN auront la possibilité d’avoir le lien OPC avec le Réseau de l’information sur la Centrale de l’acheteur (PIN). Le point terminal est un point d’accès convenable sur les postes maxSTORIAN.
d) Comme indiqué ci-dessus, les maxSTATIONS avec le logiciel maxTOOLS sont proposés comme Poste d’Engineering Centralisé pour assurer la fonctionnalité du poste d’Engineering et de Programmation.
Les utilisateurs peuvent créer de multiples DPU virtuels au sein du poste d’Engineering. La logique développée avec les maxTOOLS et les écrans de visualisation développés avec le maxVUE sollicitent un DPU virtuel tout aussi facilement comme si le poste de travail était connecté au DCS entier. Il est donc possible de simuler et tester les logiques, sans influencer les éléments du procédé réel/ contrôle final.
Dès que l’usine est mise en route, la capacité de simulation souple permettra aux ingénieurs de l’usine d’essayer de différentes stratégies de contrôle avant d’installer les DPUs réels dans le système. De cette manière, le temps nécessaire pour effectuer un changement au cours d’une coupure – lorsque chaque minute est précieuse, ne se prolonge pas à cause d’un problème d’un dépannage, grâce à une stratégie de contrôle.
La simulation souple permet également la familiarisation de l’opérateur et la formation avec le DCS, avant le démarrage de l’usine ainsi que durant toute la vie d’exploitation de l’usine.
• Comme indiqué ci-dessus, les Calculs de Performance seront installés dans les EWS. Les Calculs de Performance sont les suivants :
a) Calculs de Classe I qu’on effectue dans l’intervalle de toutes les 5 secondes
b) Calculs de Classe II qu’on effectue dans l’intervalle de toutes les 10 minutes
Les calculs de Classe I suivants seront réalisés :
a) Approche de la vapeur post combustion vers la température de saturation.
b) Approche du jet de la vapeur surchauffée de sortie vers la température de saturation
Les calculs de Classe II suivants seront réalisés :
a) Taux de l’unité de chaleur (Kcal/KWhr)
b) Taux de la chaleur du cycle de Turbine (Kcal/KWhr)
c) Rendement de la chaudière (méthode de la perte de chaleur)
d) Différence de température du terminal du réchauffeur d’eau d’alimentation et température d’approche du refroidisseur de purge
e) Rendement de la chute d’enthalpie de la Turbine HP (%)
f) Rendement de la chute d’enthalpie de la Turbine IP (%)
• Un poste redondant maxLINK avec un CRT 14 pouces (commun pour les deux unités) est envisagé pour faire interface avec les systèmes tiers comme indiqués ci-dessous, et obtenir les données à porter sur les systèmes maxDNA DCS
Système d’instrumentation de Supervision de la Turbine, fourni par BHEL
Systèmes périphériques PLC du Partenaire (6 approx.)
• Tous les OWS peuvent être configurés librement et peuvent obtenir les données de l’Usine à l’aide du 100 Mbps maxNET redondant.
• Des capacités supplémentaires en DDC et MMI prévues sont les suivantes :
10% surcroît de chaînes I/O (global), entièrement câblé
25% surcroît de capacité dans le MMIPIS pour éléments périphériques supplémentaires
20% surcroît de capacité fonctionnelle dans chaque contrôleur multifonction.
(Ces éléments sont conformes aux pratiques d’engineering établies)
• Le système de signalisation est configuré comme partie intégrante du système maxDNA. Le système maxDNA DCS dispose d’une fonction incorporée pour le listage d’alarme et le sommaire lesquels sont affiché sur l’OWS et peut être utilisés de manière efficace par les opérateurs. Des fichiers .wav pré enregistrés peuvent être utilisés pour obtenir des signaux sonores de différentes sortes pour les alarmes importantes.
• L’enregistreur de la Séquence intégrée d’événements (300 points approx.) est proposé étant donné que c’est un élément standard du système maxDNA DCS. Cela élimine le besoin en matériel supplémentaire. Le sommaire SOE peut être visualisé sur n’importe quelle maxSTATION.
• Le suivi de la vibration des ventilateurs : des sondes et transducteurs de vibration, type microphone monté pour usage sur le terrain, fournissent un rendement de 4-20 mA au DCS pour les ventilateurs FD, ID et PA et les moteurs HT (un phonocapteur par palier accessible). Ces singanaux sont connectés au DCS pour le suivi.
• Le système maxDNA sera synchronisé sur le temps avec le signal IRIG-B à partir du système de l’horloge mère.
Traduzione - Inglese ENERGIE CHARBON DU SENEGAL
RUFISQUE, SENEGAL
1 X 125 MW TPS
DESCRIPTION OF REGENERATIVE FEED HEATING SYSTEM
1.0 GENERAL
The thermal cycle for the plant has been designed in accordance with the latest trends and concepts prevailing in the field of power plant design. The cycle has been basically designed for the operation of turbine and boiler on unit system.
The regenerative feed cycle starts from the condenser at low pressure and ends at economiser inlet at high pressure. Feed heating system for each unit consists of condensate pumps, main ejectors, low pressure heaters, gland steam condenser, drain cooler, deaerator, boiler feed pumps and high pressure heaters along with piping connecting steam and water sides. The condensate extraction pumps take suction from condenser hot well and pump the condensate to deaerator through the tube systems of main ejectors, gland steam condenser, drain cooler and low pressure heaters. Boiler feed pumps take suction from deaerator and pump the feed water to boiler through high pressure heaters. The condensate / feed water gets heated up progressively by bled steam from turbine extractions together with gland leak off steam. Steam jet air ejectors have been provided for maintaining the vacuum in the condenser.
1.1 MAIN STEAM, COLD REHEAT & HOT REHEAT SYSTEM
The main steam from the boiler outlet (single lead) is led to the turbine end where individual branches lead to the high pressure turbine through main steam strainer and turbine emergency stop cum control valves. Motorized isolating valve is provided at the boiler end for isolation. Bypass valve is provided across main steam stop valve for warming-up pipe line downstream of the valve. Steam for auxiliary steam system for unit start-up is tapped off from main steam line and for normal running of the unit from CRH line.
Steam from HP turbine exhaust is taken back to the boiler for reheating through power assisted non-return valve. The cold reheat steam is led to the boiler end through a single pipe.
The reheat steam from the boiler is taken to the turbine through a single HRH pipe which also branches off at the turbine end to the intermediate pressure turbine via the steam strainer and turbine valves.
1.2 EXTRACTION STEAM SYSTEM
The extraction steam for the top HP heater-6 and deaerator pegging is drawn from the cold reheat pipe. HP heater-5 is fed with steam extracted from the IP turbine intermediate stage. Deaerator is designed to operate under variable pressure between 55% to 100% load on turbine and during this range steam is drawn from turbine extraction i.e. IP exhaust. During start-up of turbine, deaerator is provided with steam supply from cold reheat line as well as external supply source i.e. auxiliary steam header. Steam for the LP heaters (nos. 1,2 & 3 ) are extracted from various stages of the LP turbine.
Quick closing non-return valves are provided in extraction lines to HPH-5, deaerator & LPH-3 to prevent back flow of steam into the turbine during a trip. These valves are controlled from turbine control system. Motorized block valves are provided in extraction lines to HPH-6, HPH-5, deaerator, LPH-3 & LPH-2.
1.3 FEED WATER SYSTEM
After deaeration in the deaerator, the feed water is taken to the 2 x 100% capacity boiler feed pumps provided with booster pump units. Normally one pump is working and second pump is standby.
Boiler feed pumps are electric motor driven through variable speed hydraulic coupling. One Boiler Feed Pump is capable of delivering flow requirement for one unit. Each boiler feed pump will supply the feed water pressure necessary to overcome friction losses and static head in the high pressure feed water heaters and piping and provide the pressure required at the steam generator economiser inlet.
Individual recirculation control loops are envisaged for the pumps to maintain required minimum flow. A common feed water outlet from BFPs is taken to the boiler through HP heaters. Each of the HP heater is provided with inlet and outlet motorized isolating valves and motorized bypass valve. Feed water to the boiler shall be regulated during low load operation by regulating low capacity control valve using single element control and during higher load operation, flow shall be regulated using three element control.
The attemperation water for HP bypass station is drawn from the main feed water line up-stream of the HP heaters. The attemperation water for boiler main steam and reheater temperature control is drawn from boiler feed pump discharge after the HP heaters.
During normal operation HP heater-6 drain is cascaded to HP heater-5. HP heater-5 drain together with HP heater-6 drain is cascaded to deaerator. In case HPH-5 is not available, HPH-6 drain is cascaded to deaerator. Under high level conditions heater drains are directly led to the condenser via HPD flash tank.
1.4 CONDENSATE SYSTEM
Steam from the LP turbine exhaust and LP bypass is condensed in a condenser with divided cooling water circuit. From hotwell, which is divided internally, two condensate outlet pipes take the condensate to the 2 x 100% duty motor driven Condensate extraction pumps. Normally one pump is working and the second pump is standby.
Condensate extraction pump is provided with suction strainer, motorised discharge valve and non-return valve (NRV) . A common delivery pipe carries the condensate from these pumps to the on-line type gland steam condenser and main ejectors. To provide adequate flow through the CEP ,main ejectors and gland steam condenser, the condensate flow shall be metered and a recirculation valve envisaged at down stream of the gland steam condenser unit shall be regulated to ensure required minimum flow. After the gland steam condenser, the main condensate passes through the main condensate flow control valve.
The condensate thereafter, passes through the drain cooler , LPH-1, LPH-2, LPH-3 and then to the deaerator.
During normal operation LPH-3 drain is cascaded to LPH-2 , LPH-2 drain is cascaded to LPH-1and LPH-1 drain is cascaded to LP drain flash Box via Drain Cooler. . Under high level conditions LPH-3 / LPH-2 / LPH-1 drains are directly led to condenser via LPD flash tank.
A high level drain system is envisaged for the deaerator to dump the excess condensate from the feed storage tank into the LPD flash tank automatically in case of excessive high level.
2.0 HIGH PRESSURE BYPASS SYSTEM
TG unit has been provided with HP / LP bypass system designed to handle 60% flow at rated turbine inlet steam conditions. The bypass station for the TG set enables boiler operation by establishing steam flow from main steam line to condenser without passing through turbines. This allows quick raising of steam parameters to a level acceptable to turbine for roll-off during start-up. This also facilitates holding of stable firing from the starting of turbine roll-off till the entire flow from the bypass station is transferred to the turbine.
The HP bypass system branches off the main steam pipe and outlet steam from HP bypass is fed to the cold reheat piping. The spray for HP bypass station is drawn from the main feed water line up-stream of the HP heaters.
The high pressure bypass system consists of one number combined pressure reducing and desuperheating control valve with valve mounted electro hydraulic actuator. The control valve, when opened, bypasses the steam flow from the boiler around the high pressure turbine to the reheater. A pressure control system is provided to control the throttle pressure by regulating the bypass flow through the control valve. The pressure set point is manually adjustable and will be set at a value higher than the throttle pressure set point value of the co-ordinated control system. A temperature control system is also provided to automatically control the steam temperature down-stream of the valve at the given set value. The temperature set point can be adjusted remote manually. The control of the HP bypass station is independent of the LP bypass control.
3.0 AUXILIARY STEAM SYSTEM
Auxiliary steam system is designed to provide steam for the turbine auxiliaries, boiler auxiliaries and fuel oil system during start-up, low loads and normal running of units.
Auxiliary steam system comprises of two auxiliary steam pressure reducing and desuperheating stations (PRDS). One “High Capacity PRDS” with tap off from main steam line to meet auxiliary steam requirements during unit start-up, low loads and for fuel oil system and other “Low Capacity PRV”(Pressure Reducing Valve) with tap off from Cold Reheat line to meet auxiliary steam requirements during normal running. Spray water required for desuperheating will be tapped off from Condensate Extraction pump discharge.
A ‘High Temperature Unit Header’ (11 kg/cm2 (a) and 320C) takes steam from above PRDS stations and ‘Low Temperature Unit Header’ (11 kg/ cm2 (a) and 220C) draws steam from the high temperature unit header via a Desuperheater have been envisaged.
During normal operation low capacity PRDS will be in operation. The change over of control from low capacity PRDS to high capacity PRDS shall be automatic with manual override facility.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF STEAM GENERATOR
The steam generator offered is a radiant reheat, natural circulation, single drum, outdoor type unit, designed for 100% coal firing. The design flow and temp. are 400 t/h and 540/540 deg.C (SGMCR).
The complete furnace section is of welded wall type, arranged as a gas and pressure tight envelope. The extended side wall section (where the reheaters are located) is also covered with water cooled section. The circulation system will be complete with the necessary number of unheated down comers, supply and riser piping.
The superheated steam system has mainly three sections. The low temperature superheater section (arranged in the second pass of the unit), the radiant platen superheater (arranged at the outlet section of the furnace) and the final superheater (arranged after the reheater). Desuperheater has been provided in the link between the LTSH and the PLATEN superheater for controlling the superheated steam temperature over wide load range. The complete second pass of the boiler (up to the economiser) has been covered with the steam cooled superheater wall sections.
The reheater has been arranged in one section in the horizontal pass of boiler in between the radiant platen superheater and the final superheater section. Reheater desuperheater has been envisaged in the cold reheat steam piping at the inlet of the reheater.
The location and selection of the superheater and the reheater sections have been so chosen that the rated temperatures of superheat and reheat are anticipated to be achieved from 60% TMCR to 100% BMCR load of the boiler. The burner tilt used to control the temperature will vary from +25 deg to –25 deg depending on the fuel characteristics, operating conditions, etc.
The boiler includes bare tube economiser made of seamless steel tubes arranged in between the LTSH section and the Regenerative Air Pre-Heaters (RAPH).
The boiler has been offered with two rotary regenerative air preheaters, as the last stage of heat recovery. The air heater has separate streams for heating the primary air (required for the pulverisers) and the secondary air, with flue gases.
The fuel preparation section has primarily four number of vertical spindle bowl mills arranged for pressurised operation. Each bowl mill section is provided with one raw coal gravimetric feeder. The Pulverised fuel from each mill is taken through pulverised fuel piping to the burner wind box in the furnace - one each to the four corners of the furnace at one elevation. The burner wind box section will be located in the four corners of the furnace and arranged for tilting tangential firing. The temperature of the fuel air mixture at mill outlet will vary from 66 to 90 degree C depending on the fuel characteristics, operating condition, etc.
The boiler is proposed with LDO system for start-up and low load flame stabilisation. The oil guns/burners will be ignited with High Energy Arc (HEA) igniters. Necessary scanners and scanner air system will also be provided. The oil system will be complete with necessary pumping units, piping, valves, fittings etc.
The boiler is of top supported type and is provided with all the required structural supporting steel work, galleries and staircases.
The boiler has two number cold primary air fans of radial type and two number forced draught fans of radial type for supplying the required primary / secondary air for the boiler.
The dust collection system for the boiler includes electrostatic precipitator with two independent streams.
The boiler will be equipped with two numbers of radial ID fans, arranged after the dust collecting system.
The complete integral piping, valves & fittings, all air and gas ducting with dampers / gates as per schemes enclosed are provided. Necessary refractory materials will also be provided. The details of the various sections of the boiler are elaborated in the following pages of this specification.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR (STG)
The Turbine is of condensing type , tandem compound design with separate HP/IP and LP cylinders. The combined HP/IP cylinder is of reverse flow design with high pressure and intermediate pressure blading. LP cylinder is of double flow type. The turbine is basically engineered on reaction principle with throttle governing to drive alternating current full capacity Turbo Generator. The design parameters are 125 MW, 126 ata, 535 deg.C, 3000 rpm and 0.0676 ata back pressure.
The turbine is capable of accepting variations from the rated conditions within the limits as recommended by IEC – 45.
MODULAR CONCEPT
The turbine is built on the well-proven design philosophy of “ Modular Principle” in steam turbine engg field. The readily designed HP & LP modules are combined and sized to required power output, steam parameters and cycle configurations to give the most economical set. This maneuverability is achieved without impairing the reliability of the modules, which are governed by the shape and configuration of rotors cylinders and distance between the bearings.
The turbine comprises of modules K 30-16 for combined HP/IP turbine and N 30-2x3.2 m2 for LP turbine. These modules incorporate the design and construction features, which have proved their reliability in service and ensure trouble free operation over long operating periods and at the same time ensuring high thermal efficiencies. All the materials used for manufacture of various parts are most suitable for the duty required and have been selected after exhaustive research and long experience.
The salient features of the turbine are:
- Reaction blades with high stages efficiency.
- State of the art low-pressure blading under high efficiency.
- Flexibility of operation with quick start-ups and loadings.
- Isolated bearing pedestals to minimize the bearing distortions.
- Wide range of frequency for continuous operation.
- Reduced maintenance costs because of overhaul simplicity.
- Both rotors are machined from so Labell lid forgings (mono block)
- Balancing of rotors at rated speed and over-speeding up to 120%.
- Sophisticated control and monitoring equipment.
- Overload valve operation above 120 MW output power.
The axial clearances between guide and moving blades have so chosen as to reduce the droplet sizes and attendant erosion of leading edges. Low –pressure extraction has been optimized not only from thermodynamic considerations but to effectively drain out moisture also. Freestanding blades have been envisaged with a close tolerance of on natural frequencies.
The bearing pedestals and LP outer casing are connected by means of bellows, to maintain the gland clearances in all operational conditions.
In LP turbine, short blades similar to HP and IP sections ( drum blading) and long twisted precision forged blades (LP Blading) are used.
The last four stages of LP rotor (on both sides) are free standing blades. The absence of bracing wires and shrouding eliminates the possibility of failures of these items. The blades ensure safe operation at all times even in lower frequencies.
GENERATOR
The synchronous generator is of 2-pole, 3-phase air cooled type and is designed for continuous operation at its rated output.
EXCITATION SYSTEM
The brushless excitation system consists of mainly A.C. exciter, Rotating rectifier wheels, Permanent magnet generator and automatic voltage regulation equipment. The system operates with a high degree of reliability and requires minimum maintenance.
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATIONS
• The control platform proposed for SG, TG and Balance of Plant Control is the State-of-the-art maxDNA system, providing Unified Integrated Automation for 1 x 125 MW, Coal Based Power Plant at Senegal. MMI system, an integral part of maxDNA provides for operator interface to the plant and process.
A single platform control solution, for SG, TG and Station DCS eliminates need for serial and hardwired interfaces between the various control islands and sub-systems. The unified solution provides for unified Man-machine interface and unified diagnostics. This realisation also throws up numerous advantages such as effective optimisation and reduction in variety of hardware, unification of operator training and maintenance.
For the Unified Control system, configured on per unit basis, at the MMI level, we have considered 8 OWS, one Engineering cum Performance calculation station, one maxSTORIAN station and one common redundant pair of maxLINKS station.
All the integral Controls (both Open Loop and Closed Loop) of Steam Generator, Steam Turbine and Station DCS shall be provided as per process / control scheme requirements of main plant equipment. All these control tasks shall be implemented in redundant multi-function controller and data acquisition processors DPU.
• Configuration drawing of the Unified Automation Solution drg no. A4-SK-804- Senegal-01, Rev 00 (4 sheets) is enclosed.
• maxNET communicating system, based on Switched Fast Ethernet Standard operating at 100 Mbps speed, is fully redundant and forms the spinal chord of the system. maxNET interconnects Remote Processing Units (RPUs), which include Distributed Process Units (DPUs) and I/O modules.
• maxNET cabling philosophy: The cables utilised in maxNET would be as under:
All connections from DPUs to ethernet switches and from maxSTATIONS to ethernet switches shall be on UTP electrical cables.
Interconnection between switches in the controller region and MMI region (maximum 100 mts) shall be UTP electrical cables.
• The Distributed Processing Units (DPU) are offered as the front-end controllers. The DPU is a multifunction Controller and Data Acquisition processor that executes control algorithms, sequence logic, sequence of events time stamped to 1 ms resolution, and data acquisition.
• The functional grouping are assigned to the various DPUs are on basis of process and control relationship and are as under:
STEAM GENERATOR CONTROLS:
a) MFT 1,2 & 3 (with 2 of 3)*.
b) Unit Purge
c) Oil AB + Coal A
d) Oil CD + Coal B & C
e) Oil DE + Coal D & E.
f) SBC + SADC
g) HP Bypass controls
* MFT stations are realised in Single DPUs. All other DPUs are 1:1 configuration.
STEAM TURBINE CONTROLS
a) EHTC (TMR) **
b) TP (TMR) **
c) TSE+ ATT + EHA + LP Bypass + GSPC + TME Common station
** TMR stations ie TMR 1, TMR 2 and TMR 3 of EHTC and TP are realised in Single DPUs. All other DPUs are 1:1 configuration.
(In addition to above, special purpose hardware like TSI, LSR, LMU, Auto synchroniser shall be on conventional design. Further, interface modules for Turbine protection and Governing system including position controllers will be based on special purpose hardware of EDN, suitably interfaced with maxDNA system).
• Drive interfaces shall be realised through I/O modules.
• All operation shall be through Operator Work Station (OWS). However, only hardwired minimum console shall be provided for SG and TG, to facilitate shut-down in emergencies.
BALANCE OF PLANT CONTROL(Station DCS) Controls are as below:
Closed loop control system includes the following Control loops (typical):
1. LPH – 2 Level Control
2. LPH – 3 Level Control
3. HPH – 5 Level Control
4. HPH – 6 Level Control
5. Hotwell level Control
6. Cond. Min Re-circulation Control
7. Deaerator Level Control
8. Deaerator Pressure Control
9. Ejector Steam Press Control
10. Drum Level Control
11. BFP Scoop Control
12. Air Flow Control
13. Furnace Pressure control
14. Mill Temp / Air Flow Control
15. Fuel Flow Control
16. SH Steam Temperature Control
17. RH Steam Temperature Control
18. Combustion Control
19. Soot Blowing Steam Pressure and Temperature Control
20. LDO Pressure and Flow Control
21. PA Header Press control
22. Hydrazine Dosing Control
23. Phosphate Dosing Control
24. Morphine Dosing Control
Open loop control system (typical) includes the following control/sequences:
1. FD fan A & B
2. FD / ID / PA fan LOP’s
3. ID fan – A & B
4. PA fan – A & B
5. AH – A & B
6. AH – LOP’s
7. BFP A & B
• We have also considered following additional I/O, to be terminated by the partner, in Station DCS:
a) Electrical controls: Approx 675 I/O for monitoring and alarms
b) Partner’s BOP I/O (CWP, ACWP, CCWP, CTF, Air compressors): Approx 410 I/O
• The Open Loops and Closed Loops pertaining to various sub-systems of SG Integral Controls, Turbine Integral Controls and Balance of Plant controls are implemented in the maxDPU, a redundant pair of multifunction controllers. Decentralised organisation of electronic hardware permits realisation of a transparent automation hierarchy. Each RPUs houses the group/ sub group controller(s), the DPU-wise allocation of Open and Closed loops (functional grouping) will be finalised during detailed engineering. Control loops are realised with controller redundancies, to reflect process relationships.
• The functional schemes of OLCS and CLCS and drive control blocks are implemented by using functional building blocks. There are three types of function blocks namely Atomic block, Standard block and Custom block. The atoms and standard blocks are available as library functions in the DPU configurator utility of maxTOOLS.
• Drives operations shall be realised through I/O modules and operator interface shall be through Operator Work Station (OWS) only. However, hardwired emergency stop push buttons shall be provided to facilitate shut-down in emergencies. No further hardware backup operations are envisaged.
Man Machine Interface System:
The Man Machine Interface – Data Acquisition System (MMI-DAS) facility provided for the total plant (ie two units) is described as under:
a) 8 nos OWS with 19” CRTs and 5 nos network connected printers are provided. The OWS provides for operator interface for the plant shall be through VPC.
b) One Engineering cum performance calculations station with 19” CRT
c) One maxSTORIAN with 19” CRT. The maxSTORIAN stations shall have provision for OPC link to the purchaser’s Plant Information Network (PIN). Terminal point is suitable port on the maxSTORIAN stations.
d) As indicated above, the maxSTATIONS with maxTOOLS software are proposed as the Centralised Engineering Station to perform the functionality of the Engineering and Programming station.
The users can create multiple virtual DPU in the Engineering Station. Logic developed with maxTOOLS and displays developed with maxVUE access a virtual DPU just as if the workstation was connected to the full DCS. It is then possible to simulate and test logics, without affecting the actual process / final control elements.
Once the plant is commissioned, the soft simulation capability shall also allow the plant engineers to try different control strategies prior to loading the actual DPUs in the system. This would ensure that the time taken to make a change during an outage – when every minute counts – is not prolonged with troubleshooting a problem with a control strategy.
The soft simulation also allows operator familiarization and training with the DCS, both prior to plant start-up as well as throughout the plant’s operational life.
• As indicated above, Performance Calculations shall be installed in the EWS. The Performance Calculations shall be of the following two types:
a) Class I Calculations being performed at every interval of 5 seconds.
b) Class II Calculations being performed at every interval of 10 minutes.
The following Class I Calculations shall be performed.
a) Reheat steam approach to saturation temperature.
b) Superheat spray outlet steam approach to saturation temp.
The following Class II Calculations shall be performed.
a) Unit Heat Rate (Kcal / KWhr).
b) Turbine Cycle Heat Rate (Kcal / KWhr).
c) Boiler efficency (Heat loss method).
d) Feed water heater terminal temp. difference and drain cooler approach temp.
e) HP Turbine enthalpy drop efficiency (%).
f) IP Turbine enthalpy drop efficiency ( % ).
• One redundant maxLINK Station with 14” CRT (common for two units) is envisaged for interface with third party systems as listed below, and obtain data to be ported on to maxDNA DCS System.
Turbine Supervisory Instrumentation system of BHEL supply
Partner’s Off site systems PLCs (approx 6 nos)
• All OWS are freely configurable and can acquire Plant Data through the redundant 100 Mbps maxNET.
• The spare capacities planned in DDC and MMI are as below :
10% spare I/O channels (overall), fully wired.
25% spare capacity in MMIPIS for additional peripherals.
20% spare functional capacity in each multifunction controller.
(These are as per established engineering practices).
• Alarm Annunciation system is configured as integral of the maxDNA system. maxDNA DCS system has in-built facility for alarm listing and summary which are displayed on OWS and can be utilised effectively by the operators. Pre recorded .wav files can be used to provide audible alarms of various kinds, for important alarms.
• Integrated Sequence of Events Recorder (approx 300 points) is proposed as this is a standard feature of maxDNA DCS system. This eliminates the need for additional hardware. The SOE Summary can be viewed on any maxSTATION.
• Vibration monitoring of fans: Field mounted transmitter type vibration sensors and transducers provide 4-20 mA output to DCS for FD, ID and PA fans and HT motors (one pickup per accessible bearing). These signals are connected to the DCS, for monitoring.
• The maxDNA system shall be time synchronised to IRIG-B signal from the master clock system.
Da Inglese a Coreano: PREPARATION
Testo originale - Inglese PREPARATION
AM1
Arista : The drugs mentioned in the text are coarsely (javkut) powdered and kasaya is prepared. The kasaya is strained and kept in the fermentation pot, vessel or barrel. Sugar, jaggery or honey, according to the formulae, is dissolved, boiled and added. Drugs mentioned as praksepa dravyas* are finely powdered and added. At the end, dhataki puspa, if included in the formulae, should be properly cleaned and added. The mouth of the pot, vessel or barrel is covered with an earthern lid and the edges sealed with clay-smeared cloth wound in seven consecutive layers. The container is kept either in a special room, in an underground cellar or in a heap of paddy, so as to ensure that for the duration of fermentation, as far as possible, a constant temperature is maintained, since varying temperatures may impede or accelerate the fermentation. After the specified period, the lid is removed, and the contents examined to ascertain whether the process of fermentation (sandhana) has been completed. The fluid is first decanted and then strained after two or three days. When the fine suspended particles settle down, it is strained and bottled.
*Praksepa Dravyas* The fine powder of some fragranted and other drugs like honey,clarified butter e.t.c. to make the formulation more palatable and increase its potency are called praksepa dravyas.These are generally mixed in avaleha kalpana,asava-arista,kasaya kalpana e.t.c.
AM2
Asava : The required quantity of water, to which jaggery or sugar as prescribed in the formula is added, is boiled and cooled. This is poured into the fermentation pot, vessel or barrel. Fine powder of the drugs mentioned in the formula are added. The container is covered with a lid and the edges are sealed with clay-smeared cloth wound in seven consecutive layers. The rest of the process is as in the case of Arista.
Praksepa Dravyas: The fine powder of some fragranted and other drugs like honey,clarified butter e.t.c. to make the formulation more palatable and increase its potency are called praksepa dravyas.These are generally mixed in avaleha kalpana,asava-arista,kasaya kalpana e.t.c.
Traduzione - Coreano 제조법
AM1
아리스타 : 본문에 언급된 약은 굵은 가루화하고 카사야는 준비되어있다.
카사야를 걸러내어 발효단지, 접시나 통에 넣어둔다.
설탕, 재저리 혹은 꿀은 제조법에 따라 용해하고 끓여서 첨가한다.
프라크세파 드라바스와 같은 약은 곱게 가루로 만들어서 첨가한다.
단지, 접시혹은 병의 입구는 진흙뚜껑으로 덮고 가장자리는 7겹으로 감아진 진흙이 발라진 천으로 봉한다. 온도변화는 발효를 증가시키거나 방해할 수 있기때문에 가능한 온도일정유지를 위해 발효 기간동안 안전하게 하기 위해 용기는 지하특수실이나 벼더미에 넣어둔다.
일정기간후에 뚜겅을 제거하고 발효(산다나)가 마쳤는지를 확실히 하기 위해 내용물을 체크한다. 유체는 따라내고 이틀이나 삼일후에 걸러낸다.
고운 떠있는 입자가 가라앉을때 걸러내서 병에 넣어둔다.
* 프라크세파 드라바스 * 맛을 더 좋게하고 효과를 증가시키기 위한 꿀, 정화된 버터 등과 같은 몇가지 향기나는 고운 가루나 다른 약들을 프라크세파 드라바스라고 한다. 일반적으로 이들은 아바레하 칼파나, 아사바-아리스타, 카사야 칼파나등에 혼합된다.
AM2
아사바 : 제조법에 언급된대로 재저리나 설탕이 추가된 일정량의 물을 끓여서 식힌다. 이것을 발효단지, 접시 혹은 통에 부어넣는다. 제조법에서 언급된 약의 고운가루를 첨가한다. 용기를 뚜겅으로 덮어서 7겹으로 감겨진 진흙이 발라진 천으로 가장자리를 봉한다. 진행의 나머지는 아리스타의 경우와 같다.
프가크세파 드라바스 : 맛을 더 좋게하고 효과를 증가시키기 위한 꿀, 정화된 버터 등과 같은 몇가지 향기나는 고운 가루나 다른 약들을 프라크세파 드라바스라고 한다. 일반적으로 이들은 아바레하 칼파나, 아사바-아리스타, 카사야 칼파나등에 혼합된다.
Da Inglese a Tedesco: PREPARATION
Testo originale - Inglese AM1
Arista : The drugs mentioned in the text are coarsely (javkut) powdered and kasaya is prepared. The kasaya is strained and kept in the fermentation pot, vessel or barrel. Sugar, jaggery or honey, according to the formulae, is dissolved, boiled and added. Drugs mentioned as praksepa dravyas* are finely powdered and added. At the end, dhataki puspa, if included in the formulae, should be properly cleaned and added. The mouth of the pot, vessel or barrel is covered with an earthern lid and the edges sealed with clay-smeared cloth wound in seven consecutive layers. The container is kept either in a special room, in an underground cellar or in a heap of paddy, so as to ensure that for the duration of fermentation, as far as possible, a constant temperature is maintained, since varying temperatures may impede or accelerate the fermentation. After the specified period, the lid is removed, and the contents examined to ascertain whether the process of fermentation (sandhana) has been completed. The fluid is first decanted and then strained after two or three days. When the fine suspended particles settle down, it is strained and bottled.
*Praksepa Dravyas* The fine powder of some fragranted and other drugs like honey,clarified butter e.t.c. to make the formulation more palatable and increase its potency are called praksepa dravyas.These are generally mixed in avaleha kalpana,asava-arista,kasaya kalpana e.t.c.
AM2
Asava : The required quantity of water, to which jaggery or sugar as prescribed in the formula is added, is boiled and cooled. This is poured into the fermentation pot, vessel or barrel. Fine powder of the drugs mentioned in the formula are added. The container is covered with a lid and the edges are sealed with clay-smeared cloth wound in seven consecutive layers. The rest of the process is as in the case of Arista.
Praksepa Dravyas: The fine powder of some fragranted and other drugs like honey,clarified butter e.t.c. to make the formulation more palatable and increase its potency are called praksepa dravyas.These are generally mixed in avaleha kalpana,asava-arista,kasaya kalpana e.t.c.
Traduzione - Tedesco AM1
ARISTA: Die im Text erwähnten Drogen sind grob (sawkut) pulverisiert, und kasaya ist bereit. Der kasaya wird gespannt und im Gärungstopf, Gefäß oder Faß behalten. Zucker, Jagrezuker oder Honig, nach den Formeln, wird aufgelöst, gekocht und hinzugefügt. Drogen erwähnt als praksepa drawyas sind fein pulverisiert und zusätzlich. Am Ende, dhataki puschpa, wenn eingeschlossen, in den Formeln, soll richtig gereinigt und hinzugefügt werden. Der Mund des Topfes, Gefäßes oder Faßes wird mit einem irden Deckel und den Ecken gesiegelt mit von Lehm geschmierter Tuch-Wunde in sieben aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten bedeckt. Der Behälter wird entweder in einem speziellen Raum(Zimmer) in einem unterirdischen Keller oder in einem Haufen von Paddy behalten, um dass für die Dauer der Gärung sicherzustellen, soweit möglich eine unveränderliche Temperatur aufrechterhalten wird, da unterschiedliche Temperaturen behindern oder die Gärung beschleunigen können. Nach der angegebenen Periode wird der Deckel, und der Inhalt geprüft entfernt, um festzustellen, ob der Prozeß der Gärung (Zandhana) ergänzt worden ist. Die Flüssigkeit wird umgefullt und dann nach ein paar Tagen gezerrt .Wenn die feinen gezerrten Partikeln ausgenommen werden , wird es im Flaschen behalten.
AM2
Asava: Die erforderliche Quantität des Wassers, zu dem jagrezucker oder Zucker, wie vorgeschrieben, in der Formel hinzugefügt werden, wird gekocht und gekühlt. Das wird in den Gärungstopf, Gefäß oder Faß gegossen. Feines Puder(Pulver) der in der Formel erwähnten Drogen wird hinzugefügt. Der Behälter wird mit einem Deckel bedeckt, und die Ecken werden mit von Lehm geschmierter Tuch-Wunde in sieben aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten gesiegelt. Der Rest des Prozesses ist als im Fall der Arista.
Praksepa Dravyas : Das feine Pulver einiger aromatischen und anderen Medikamente sowie Honig, zerlassener Butter usw., um die Formel mehr schmackhaft zu machen, und ihre Wirksamkeit zu erhoehen, werden praksepa dravyas genannt. Sie werden meistens in avaleha, kalpana, asava-arista, kasaya kalpana usw.gemischt.
Da Inglese a Italiano: Bastide Saint Mathieu
Testo originale - Inglese Bastide Saint Mathieu
An exclusive country house, better than any other luxury hotel at Grasse
If you are holidaying along the beautiful French Riviera or Cote d'Azur, think beyond a luxury hotel and stay in a stylish French country house to savour the real charm of a Riviera vacation. Discover the tranquillity, luxury and charm of Bastide St. Mathieu, an exclusive country house in Grasse, Provence. Whether you are exploring, relaxing, or here for business, the Bastide is the perfect French haven, with all the facilities of the first class luxury hotel in the beautiful, Provencal countryside. Bastide Saint Mathieu welcomes you to the ultimate in luxury and comfort that no other hotel can offer, as you experience the enchantment of the French Riviera, also known as the Cote d'Azur or the Azure Coast.
Link 1
Country House
An exclusive country house on the French Riviera (Cote d’Azur)
Are you planning a grand trip to the French Riviera and looking for a cosy, exclusive hotel on the Cote d’Azur? If you are vacationing in the south of France, it’s time to discover the tranquillity, luxury and charm of Bastide St Mathieu, an exclusive country house in Provence. Whether you're exploring, relaxing, or here on business, the Bastide is a cosy place and the perfect haven, with all the comfort of a first class hotel in the beautiful, Provencal countryside in the south of France.
Bastide St Mathieu, an exclusive country house on a par with any luxury hotel on the French Riviera or Cote d’Azur, is ideally positioned in the heart of the Golden Triangle, in the foothills just southeast of the perfume town of Grasse, about 20 minutes from the international airport of Nice, and some 15 minutes from Cannes. The cosy and stylish country house exudes a serene tranquillity that you rarely find in a crowded hotel in the south of France. It is the perfect place for enjoying the calm of the mountains, or the sophistication of the Croisette.
A warm welcome awaits you at Bastide St Mathieu from Inge and Arie van Osch. Experienced hoteliers, they have lovingly restored this exclusive, 18th century country house located in the south of France. On a par with any other first class hotel on the Cote d’Azur, Bastide offers something more than a premium French Riviera hotel and has created an atmosphere of total privacy, discreet luxury and personal service. Here guests are greeted and cared for individually, in a delightful, private country home.
There are five, distinctive suites, each decorated and furnished individually to the highest standards. Each double room has en-suite facilities,air-conditioning, an open log fire. Satellite television, a CD player, a direct telephone line and a direct Internet connection. You will find all those extra luxuries, which will make your stay so very cosy and comfortable, like cashmere blankets, Ralph Lauren bathrobes and your own drinks tray.
Choose from our exquisite individual suites. The Junior Suite or The Red room has its own delightful terrace. With its deep reds and yellows gives a feeling of discreet self-indulgence. The Suite or The Beige room has a separate sitting room and bedroom and is the perfect place to spread out and relax. The Green Room decorated in Provencal olive green offers calmness and luxury.
The Yellow room in warm yellows is a tranquil haven, full of light in the morning sun. The cool blue of The Blue room is peaceful and full of charm and gives a lovely view of the rolling countryside. All will give you a luxurious home from home.
There is a wonderful choice of restaurants in the region, from the famous, Michelin rated Moulin de Mougins and Bastide de St Antoine, to the rustic delights of the mountain auberges. Your hosts will be delighted to help you to decide and to make reservations for you. There is also a number of excellent golf courses nearby, as well as riding and tennis for which arrangements can be made on your behalf.
If you would like to receive some more information, please call us at +33 (0) 4 97 01 10 00 (French, English, German and Dutch are spoken), fax us on +33 (0) 4 97 01 10 09 or send us an e-mail.
Bastide Saint Mathieu
An exclusive country house
Cosy Hotel In South Of France | Exclusive Hotel Cote D’Azur | French Riviera Hotel | Cosy Hotel In South Of France
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Book a Room
Enquiries and bookings can be made as follows:
• by e-mail: [email protected]
• by fax: +33 (0) 4 97 01 10 09
• by phone: +33 (0) 4 97 01 10 00
Room Rates 2006 January, February, April, June, September, May, July, August
March, November October, December
A honeymoon spent in an exclusive hotel on the French Riviera or Cote d’Azur makes it an affair to remember! For honeymoon couples looking for a luxurious hotel, Bastide St Mathieu offers the best in accommodation, privacy and personal attention so that you may relax and enjoy the perfect honeymoon tour. On a par with any first class hotel on the French Riviera, this stylish country house has brought the world's finest opulence under one roof to make your honeymoon trip to the Cote d’Azur a grand success!
Film Festival of Cannes and Grand Prix Monaco events supplement from 17th to 28th May inclusive €60 per room per night.
The rates are per room per night (maximum 2 persons) and are inclusive of full breakfast and all taxes. Children over the age of 12 are welcome.
Contact - Reservation
For further information, please send a message:
Message
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For information on availability, please also fill in the fields below:
First Name, Name
City
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Telephone
Fax
Date of arrival
Day Month Year
Number of nights
Number of persons
Room
GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SALE
Deposit
All reservations are subject to a deposit amounting to 50% of the total cost of the stay, or one night for visits less than 2 days. A credit card number in lieu of the deposit is also welcome.
Cancellations
The deposit is non-refundable in the event of a cancellation less than 31 days prior to the anticipated date of arrival. If the reservation is guaranteed by credit card: The cost of one nights stay will be charged for a cancellation of a reservation lasting up to 2 days. The cost of 50% of the total cost of the stay will be charged for a cancellation of a reservation in excess of 2 days. In the event of a cancellation less than 5 days 100% of the value of the whole stay will be billed.
Interrupted Stay
If for any reason you have to leave unexpectedly before the scheduled date of departure, the total value of the remainder of the reservation will be billed by the hotel.
Time Of Arrival
All reservations are kept open until 6 pm. Please let us know beforehand if you will be arriving after 6 pm.
Departure/Arrival
Kindly vacate the room by 12 noon. If you wish to prolong your stay beyond midday, please contact us to see if this is possible. Rooms are available from 3 pm onwards. However, we will do our very best to ensure that they are ready earlier, if possible.
Honeymoon Hotel Cote D’Azur | Honeymoon Hotel French Riviera | Honeymoon Hotel Cote D’Azur | Honeymoon Hotel French
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Accommodation
Are you looking for the best romantic hotel on the French Riviera? Or searching for the most
romantic hotel along the entire Cote d’Azur? Stay at the Bastide St Mathieu to live your dream.
The Junior Suite or The Red room has its own delightful terrace.
With its deep reds and yellows gives a feeling of discreet self-indulgence
and a vibrant, romantic touch.
The Suite or The Beige room has a separate sitting room and bedroom and is the perfect place to spread out and relax,Enjoy your holidays in the finest romantic hotel on the French Riviera and let the eternal charm of the Cote d’Azur sink in.
The Green Room decorated in Provencal olive green offers calmness and luxury.
The Yellow room in warm yellows is a tranquil haven, full of light in the morning sun.
A Bathroom
The cool blue of The Blue room is peaceful and full of romantic charm and gives a lovely view of the rolling countryside. All will give you a luxurious romantic home from home
Romantic Hotel Cote D’Azur | Romantic Hotel French Riviera | Romantic Hotel Cote D’Azur | Romantic Hotel French Riviera
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Facilities & Services
Facilities at our country house are on par with any premium hotel
There are excellent golf courses nearby, as well as riding facilities and tennis courts, for
which arrangements can be made on your behalf. We arrange your golf, tennis, car
rental and restaurant reservations, and also offer all the comforts of a first class hotel
on the Cote d’Azu
On site are:
• Car park
• Helicopter Pad
• Swimming pool and sun terrace
• Outside breakfast terrace
• Jeu de boules pitch
• Elevator
• Airconditioned rooms
• Direct line for each room
• Computer connection in the room
• Satellite t.v. in the room
• Radio/C.D. player in the room
Services
• We can arrange your Golf- , Tennis-, Car rental- and Restaurant- reservations on your behalf
• Please let us know any special dietary wishes or requirements
• In-house laundry service
Groups and Seminars
Small conferences and meetings can be held. Beverages and meals at break-time can be provided.
Cote D’Azur Hotel | Golf Hotel Cote D’Azur | Cote D’Azur Hotel | Golf Hotel Cote D’Azur | Cote D’Azur Hotel | Golf Hotel Cote
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Maps and Transport
Are you looking for a first class hotel in Grasse, France?
Welcome to Bastide St Mathieu, positioned in the foothills just southeast of the perfume town of Grasse, about 20 minutes from the international airport of Nice and very near Cannes (some 15 minutes’ drive).
An exclusive and stylish country house, Bastide offers regular taxi services; helicopter services and car rentals just like other first class hotels in Grasse, France.
Route desription:
Your stay at the luxurious country house will be a unique experience, better than staying in any first class hotel in Grasse (France). Best of all, it is very near the world-renowned tourist resort of Cannes.
From the A8 take exit 42 CANNES/MOUGINS/GRASSE. Follow direction GRASSE. Take exit GRASSE-SUD. Turn right until large roundabout (Quatre chemins).
Take 2nd right just before the McDonald's restaurant. Next roundabout turn left (chemin de l'Orme). Pass the supermarket, go straight at the small roundabout and follow the road with a right turn till ELEPHANT BLEU car wash.
At this point you will find there is a new roundabout. Take the 3rd exit following the signs direction Le Rouret, St. Mathieu and St. Jean, and follow the road right into Moulin de Brun. Go up this road till the T-junction at the end called Route de Saint Mathieu. Here you turn left and immediately right into chemin de Blumenthal (direction St. Jean). (Do not cross the little bridge.)
Bastide Saint Mathieu is the big yellow and stone property on your left.
If you encounter any problems in finding us, please give us a call and we shall guide you in.
click the images below for a bigger view
Hotel Grasse France | Hotel Near Cannes | Hotels Grasse | Hotel Grasse France | Hotel Near Cannes | Hotels Grasse
Traduzione - Italiano Bastide Saint Mathieu
Un’esclusiva casa di campagna, meglio di ogni altro hotel di lusso a Grasse
Se stai facendo una vacanza lungo la bellissima Riviera Francese o la Costa Azzurra, pensa a qualcosa che vada oltre un hotel di lusso e soggiorna in un’elegante casa di campagna francese, per assaporare il vero fascino di una vacanza in Riviera. Scopri la tranquillità, il lusso, il fascino di Bastide St. Mathieu, un’esclusiva casa di campagna a Grasse, in Provenza. Che tu sia qui per esplorare, rilassarti o per lavoro, la Bastide è il perfetto rifugio francese, con tutte le strutture di un lussuoso hotel di prima classe nella bellissima campagna provenzale. Bastide ti dà il benvenuto all’apice del lusso e del comfort che nessun altro hotel può offrire, mentre sperimenti l’incanto della Riviera Francese, anche conosciuta come la Cote d'Azur o la Costa Azzurra.
35, Chemin de Blumenthal,
06130 St. Mathieu, Grasse, France
Tel. (+33) (0)49701100
Fax. (+33) (0)49701109
E-mail : [email protected]
Domestico - Casa di Campagna - Prenota una Camera - Sistemazione - Strutture & Servizi - Cartine e Trasporto - Programma di luogo
Lussuoso Hotel Costa Azzurra | Lussuoso Hotel Riviera Francese | Lussuoso Hotel Grasse | Lussuoso Hotel Costa Azzurras
Casa Di Campagna
Un'esclusiva casa di campagna nella Riviera Francese (Costa Azzurra)
Stai programmando un grandioso viaggio nella Riviera Francese e cercando un hotel gradevole ed esclusivo nella Costa Azzurra? Se fai una vacanza nel sud della Francia, è tempo di scoprire la tranquillità, il lusso e il fascino di Bastide St Mathieu, un'esclusiva casa di campagna in Provenza. Che tu sia qui per esplorare, per rilassarti o per lavoro, la Bastide è un luogo gradevole e il perfetto rifugio, con tutti i comfort di un hotel di prima classe nella bellissima campagna provenzale nel sud della Francia.
Bastide St Mathieu, un'esclusiva casa di campagna allo stesso livello di qualsiasi hotel di lusso della Riviera Francese o della Costa Azzurra, è posizionata in maniera ideale nel cuore del Triangolo D'Oro, ai piedi delle colline a sud-est della città del profumo di Grasse, a circa 20 minuti dall'aeroporto internazionale di Nizza e a circa 15 minuti da Cannes. La gradevole ed elegante casa di campagna trasuda di serena tranquillità che raramente si trova in un hotel affollato nel sud della Francia. È il luogo perfetto per godersi la calma delle montagne, o i gusti sofisticati della Croisette.
Un caldo benvenuto da parte di Inge e Arie van Osch ti attente alla Bastide St. Mathieu. Albergatori di grande esperienza, hanno restaurato con amore questa esclusiva casa di campagna del 18esimo secolo, situata nel sud della Francia. Come qualsiasi altro hotel di prima classe nella Costa Azzurra, Bastide offre qualcosa di più che un hotel di prima qualità nella Riviera Francese e ha creato un'atmosfera di completa privacy, discreto lusso e servizio personalizzato. Qui gli ospiti sono accolti e curati individualmente, in una deliziosa casa di campagna privata.
Ci sono cinque distinte suite, ognuna decorate e arredata individualmente secondo gli standard più elevati. Ogni camera doppia ha delle strutture en-suite,
aria condizionata, un caminetto. Televisione via satellite, un lettore CD, una linea telefonica diretta e una connessione diretta ad internet. Troverai tutti i lussi, che renderanno il tuo soggiorno molto gradevole e confortevole, come coperte di cashmere, accappatoi Ralph Lauren e il tuo vassoio per i drink.
Scegli fra le nostre mirabili suite individuali. La Junior Suite o Stanza Rossa ha una sua deliziosa terrazza. Con i suoi rossi e gialli profondi offre una sensazione di discreta auto-indulgenza. La Suite o Stanza Beige ha un salotto separato e una camera da letto ed è il luogo perfetto per distendersi e rilassarsi. La Stanza Verde decorata con olive verdi provenzali offre calma e lusso.
La Stanza Gialla con gialli caldi è un rifugio sicuro, ricco di luce nel sole del mattino. Il fresco blu della Stanza Blu è pacifico e pieno di fascino e offre un'amabile vista della campagna ondulata. Tutte quante ti offrono una lussuosa seconda casa.
Nella regione c'è una meravigliosa scelta di ristoranti, dal famoso Moulin de Mougins, classificato dalla guida Michelin, e Bastide de St Antoine, alle rustiche delizie della montagna auberges. I tuoi padroni di casa saranno lieti di aiutarti a decidere e fare la prenotazione per te. Ci sono anche numerosi eccellenti campi da golf nelle vicinanze, come pure di maneggi e campi da tennis, che possono essere messi a tua disposizione.
Se volete ricevere maggiori informazioni, per favore chiamateci al +33 (0) 4 97 01 10 00 (parliamo francese, inglese, tedesco e olandese), mandateci un fax a +33 (0) 4 97 01 10 09 o inviateci un' e-mail.
Bastide Saint Mathieu
Un'esclusiva casa di campagna
Accogliente Hotel Nel Sud Della Francia | Esclusivo Hotel Costa Azzurra | Riviera Francese Hotel
Prenota Una Camera
Richieste e prenotazioni possono essere presentate nel modo seguente:
• E-mail: [email protected]
• Fax: +33 (0) 4 97 01 10 09
• Telefono: +33 (0) 4 97 01 10 00
La stanza valuta 2006 Gennaio, Febbraio, Marzo, Novembre Aprile, Giugno, Settembre, Ottobre, Dicembre Può, Luglio, Agosto
Red Junior Suite, 75 m2 + terrace € 290,- € 340,- € 360,-
Beige Suite, 75 m2 € 290,- € 340,- € 360,-
Green Room, 70 m2 € 270,- € 290,- € 320,-
Yellow Room, 50 m2 € 270,- € 290,- € 320,-
Blue Room, 45 m2 € 250,- € 270,- € 290,-
Una luna di miele passata in un hotel esclusivo sulla Riviera francese o Cote d’Azur è un’ esperienza indimenticabile! Per coppie in luna di miele alla ricerca di un hotel di prestigio, Bastide St. Mathieu offre il meglio in qualità di accoglienza, riservatezza e attenzione personale: così potrete rilassarvi e godervi un perfetto viaggio di nozze. In grado di offrire lo stesso servizio di un hotel di prima classe della Riviera francese, questa raffinata residenza di campagna ha riunito sotto un unico tetto i comfort più ricercati del mondo per fare della vostra luna di miele sulla Cote d’Azur un vero successo!
Supplemento per il Festival del Cinema di Cannes e per il Gran Premio di Monaco, dal 17 al 28 Maggio, incluso. € 60 per stanza a notte.
Le tariffe si riferiscono a stanza per notte (massimo 2 persone) e includono colazione completa e tasse. I ragazzi sopra i dodici anni sono i benvenuti.
Mett in contatto con-Prenotazione
Per maggiori informazioni siete pregati di inviare un messaggio:
Messaggio
Il vostro E-mail
Per informazioni circa la disponibilità siete pregati di riempire il modulo seguente:
Nome, Nome
Città
Paese
Telefono
Fax
Data dell'arrivo Giorno Mese Anno
Numero di notti
Numero di persone
Stanza
CONDIZIONI GENERALI DI VENDITA
Caparra
Ogni prenotazione è soggetta al versamento di una caparra che ammonterà al 50% del costo totale del soggiorno, o del costo di una notte per visite della durata inferiore ai due giorni. La comunicazione di un numero di carta di credito può sostituire il versamento della caparra.
Rinunce
La caparra non può essere rimborsata nel caso di rinunce avvenute 31 giorni prima della data di arrivo prevista. Se la prenotazione e’ stata garantita tramite comunicazione del numero della carta di credito verrà addebitato il costo di una notte di soggiorno per la cancellazione di una prenotazione della durata di due giorni. Il 50% del costo totale del soggiorno sarà addebitato nel caso di cancellazione di una prenotazione superiore ai due giorni. Nell’eventualità di una cancellazione inferiore ai cinque giorni verrà trattenuto il 100% del costo dell’intero soggiorno.
Interruzione di soggiorno
Se per qualsiasi ragione dovrete interrompere improvvisamente il vostro soggiorno prima del ritorno previsto, l’hotel tratterrà l’intero ammontare dei restanti giorni prenotati.
Orario di arrivo
Ogni prenotazione rimane valida fino alle ore sei del pomeriggio. Vi preghiamo di informarci anticipatamente se pensate di arrivare oltre le sei del pomeriggio.
Partenza/Arrivo
Vi preghiamo di lasciare la vostra stanza entro mezzogiorno. Se desiderate prolungare il vostro soggiorno oltre mezzogiorno, vi preghiamo di contattarci per verificare se sia possibile. Le stanze sono disponibili dalle tre del pomeriggio in poi. In ogni caso, faremo il nostro meglio per assicurarvi, se possibile, che siano pronte in anticipo.
Luna Di Miele Hotel Costa Azzurra | Luna Di Miele Hotel Riviera Francese | Luna Di Miele Hotel Costa Azzurra
Sistemazione
Stai cercando il miglior hotel romantico della Riviera Francese? O stai cercando l'hotel più romantico di tutta la Costa Azzurra? Soggiorna alla Bastide St Mathieu e vivi il tuo sogno.
La Junior Suite o Stanza Rossa ha una sua deliziosa terrazza. Con i suoi rossi e gialli profondi dona una sensazione di discreta auto-indulgenza e un tocco vibrante e romantico.
La Suite o Stanza Beige ha un salotto e una camera da letto ed è il luogo migliore per distendersi e rilassarsi. Goditi le tue vacanze nel migliore hotel romantico della Riviera Francese e lasciati immergere dal fascino eterno della Costa Azzurra.
La Stanza Verde decorata con olive verdi provenzali offre calma e lusso.
La Stanza Gialla in caldo giallo è un rifugio tranquillo, ricco di luce del sole del mattino.
Una stanza da bagno
Il fresco blu della Stanza Blu èpacifico e ricco di fascino romantico e offre un'amabile vista della campagna ondulata. Tutto ciò ti offrirà una lussuosa e romantica seconda casa.
Romantico Hotel Costa Azzurra | Romantico Hotel Riviera Francese | Romantico Hotel Costa Azzurra
Strutture & Servizi
Le strutture disponibili nella nostra casa di campagna sono allo stesso livello di quelle di un hotel di prima classe
Nelle vicinanze sono disponibili eccellenti campi da golf, come pure maneggi e campi da tennis, che possono essere messi a tua disposizione. Organizziamo le tue prenotazioni di golf, tennis, auto a noleggio e ristorante e offriamo inoltre tutti i comfort di un hotel di prima classe nella Costa Azzurra.
Disponiamo di:
• Parcheggio auto
• Pista di atterraggio per elicotteri
• Piscina e terrazzo per il sole
• Terrazza per la colazione all'esterno
• Campo per bocce
• Ascensore
• Camere con aria condizionata
• Linea diretta da ogni camera
• Connessione per computer in ogni camera
• TV via satellite in camera
• Radio/lettore CD in ogni camera
Nelle vicinanze ci sono:
• Campi da golf (10)
• Campi da tennis
• Spiaggia
• Maneggio
• Località sciistiche
Servizi
• Possiamo farci carico delle tue prenotazioni di golf, tennis, auto a noleggio e ristorante
• Per favore comunicaci qualsiasi desiderio o richiesta riguardante la dieta
• Servizio di lavanderia interno
Gruppi e seminari
Possono essere tenute piccole conferenze e riunioni. Possono essere fornite bibite e cibi durante i break.
Hotel Grasse Francia | Hotel Vicino A Cannes | Hotel Grasse | Hotel Grasse Francia | Hotel Vicino A Cannes | Hotel Grasse
Cartine e Transporto
Stai cercando un hotel di prima classe a Grasse in Francia?
Benvenuto a Bastide St Mathieu, situata ai piedi delle colline appena a sud-est della città dei profumi di Grasse, circa 20 minuti dall'aeroporto internazionale di Nizza e molto vicino a Cannes (circa 15 minuti in macchina).
Un'esclusiva e raffinata casa di campagna, Bastide offre regolari servizi taxi; servizi con elicottero e noleggio auto proprio come gli altri hotel di prima classe a Grasse in Francia.
Descrizione del percorso :
Il tuo soggiorno nella lussuosa casa di campagna sarà un'esperienza unica, migliore del soggiorno in qualsiasi hotel di prima classe a Grasse (Francia). La cosa migliore di tutte è che è molto vicino alla località turistica di Cannes, rinomata in tutto il mondo.
Dalla A8 prendi l'uscita 42 CANNES/MOUGINS/GRASSE. Segui la direzione GRASSE. Prendi l'uscita GRASSE-SUD. Gira a destra fino alla grande rotonda (Quatre chemins). Prendi la seconda a destra appena prima del ristorante McDonald's. Gira a sinistra nella successiva rotonda (chemin de l'Orme). Passa oltre il supermarket, vai dritto alla piccola rotonda e segui la strada con una curva a destra fino all'autolavaggio ELEPHANT BLEU. A questo punto troverai una nuova rotonda. Prendi la terza uscita seguendo l'indicazione Le Rouret, St. Mathieu e St. Jean e segui la strada a destra verso Moulin de Brun. Continua in questa strada fino all'incrocio a T all'estremità chiamata Route de Saint Mathieu. Qui gira a sinistra e subito a destra verso chemin de Blumenthal (direzione St. Jean). (Nonattraversare cross the little bridge.)
Bastide Saint Mathieu è la grande proprietà gialla di pietra alla tua sinistra.
Cliccate sull’immagine per ingrandire
Sei hai problemi a trovarci, per favore chiamaci e ti guideremo fino a noi.
Hotel Grasse France | Hotel Near Cannes | Hotels Grasse | Hotel Grasse France | Hotel Near Cannes | Hotels Grasse
Da Inglese a Portoghese: Safety Matches India
Testo originale - Inglese Safety Matches India
Apex Match was formed by the coming together of 6 professionally managed individual companies, who have rich and varied experience in the Safety matches industry for more than forty years. Every one of these companies is renowned for their commitment to excellence and are established entities in this business. The Pooling of these Safety Match Industries is aimed at delivering increased volumes, at the same time maintaining quality standards. Importantly, we strive to do all this, at a fair price.
CHECK OUR SAFETY MATCHES PRODUCTS
1. CARDBOARD SAFETY MATCHES
2. VENEER SAFETY MATCHES
3. HOUSE HOLD SAFETY MATCHES
4. WAX SAFETY MATCHES
http://www.apexmatch.com/contact.htm
Safety Matches Supplier India
AMSG JAYAKANAN
Director - Projects and Investments [email protected]
G. NAGARAJAN
Director - Purchase & Procurement [email protected]
J. VIJAYANAND
Director - R & D and Production [email protected]
K. SARANYAN
MD - Administration & Marketting [email protected]
J. RAJKUMAR
Director - Purchase & Procurement [email protected]
R. SHENBAGARAJAN
Director - Marketting [email protected]
For Any General Information [email protected]
Phone: 0091 - 452 - 4392665
Fax: 0091 - 452 - 4392628
Blessed by
Vaigai Industries (India) Limited [email protected]
www.vaigaigroup.com
http://www.apexmatch.com/about-us.htm
Match Box Exporters India
About Us
Apex Matches is based at Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, South India, a town famed for its thriving Match Box and fire crackers industry. Apex Match is a truly unique venture, which has seen the coming together of six successful companies, for delivering increased volumes, while adhering to the highest standards of quality. Apex Match is already a name to reckon with when it comes to quality products/Match Box.
Pooling in of excellent infrastructure has been the primary reason for propelling this remarkable venture. Our passion for maintaining quality Match Box at all stages, is shared by our team of highly competent and skilled manpower. The result being quicker turn around times and adherence to prompt delivery schedules, on time every time. We take pride in stating that our total production capacity is 80,00,000 Match Box per day, which accounts for 8000 cartons of Match Box per day. 5 % of this production is diverted for exports. We are now aiming at increasing the proportion of exports to 50% of our total production.
Perhaps, the biggest testimonial of our commitment towards always ensuring ‘customer’s delight’ is our ever-increasing number of clientele, world over. It is with this conviction and confidence that we are marching ahead towards our avowed goal of attaining undisputed leadership, in this highly competitive field.
http://www.apexmatch.com/quality-policy.htm
Match Box Suppliers India
Quality & Policy
Our penchant for maintenance of quality Match Boxes, across every stage of production, right from the procurement of raw materials to the actual delivery of the products/Match Boxes, has been one of the driving forces behind this venture..
Quality Match Boxes is monitored at every level of production.
They include
• Human Resources - Having quality workmanship
• Production process - Supervision at every level
• Packing standards - Keeping in mind the time and route it has to take to reach you.
We boast of world-class lab facilities where raw materials and finished Match Box products like Cardboard Matches, Veneer Matches, Household Matches, Wax Matches are put through a series of rigorous tests, to always ensure, excellence in quality of Match Boxes. We owe our success to quality.
http://www.apexmatch.com/about-sivakasi.htm
Safety Matches Sivakasi
About Sivakasi
Sivakasi is situated in the state of Tamilnadu in South India. It is a fairly large city, renowned for its match industry. The city is famed for the dynamic entrepreneurs, who are constantly striving for quality products/safety matches. Their constant innovation has seen then come out with quality products/safety matches, which are already a rage across markets, globally.
More than 80% of the safety matches manufactured in Sivakasi like Cardboard Safety Matches, Veneer Safety Matches, Household Safety Matches, Wax Safety Matches is sent all over India as well as many other parts of the world. Sivakasi is fortunate to have been blessed with abundance of skilled labour, which is the primary requirement for safety matches industry. Unhindered supply of raw materials is facilitated by the good infrastructure available in Sivakasi.
Tuticorin is the nearest port and is located at a distance of 120 kms from Sivakasi. Madurai is the nearest municipal corporation to Sivakasi. Madurai is also well connected by air and rail to other parts of India.
safety matches sales office is also located at Madurai.
Cardboard Safety Matches
Cardboard Safety Matches is made of quality duplex board of both inner and outer. Splints are made of perfectly chopped Malabarica splints. Aspen and Imported splints are optional.
APG5E - Specification
Card Board Box Size: 51 mm x 36 mm x 15 mm Size of Splints: 42 x 2.2 x 2.2 mm Carbonized Colour of Head: Black/Brown/Green/Red No. of Sticks: 45 Match sticks (+/-2 sticks) Side Friction: Solid Friction with margin / Plain
APG5H - Specification
Card board Box size: 53 x 36 x 12 mm
Size of Splints: 42 x 2.2 x 2.2 mm Carbonized. Colour of Head: Brown / Black/ Green /Red
No. of Sticks: 40 Match sticks (+/-2 sticks)
SIDE FRICTION: Dotted with Margin / Plain
APG4E - Specification
Card Board Box Size: 49 mm x 34 mm x 14 mm Size of Splints: 40 x 2 x 2 mm Carbonized
Colour of Head: Black/Brown/Green/Red
No. of Sticks: 45 Match sticks (+/-2 sticks)
Side Friction: Solid Friction with margin / Plain
APG4H - Specification
Card board Box size : 49 x 34 x 13 mm
Size of Splints : 40 x 2 x 2 mm Carbonized,
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
No. of Sticks : 40 Match sticks ( +/-2 sticks)
SIDE FRICTION : Dotted with Margin / Plain
APC2 - Specification
Size of box: 52 mm x 35 mm x 13 mm
Splint Size: 42 mm,
No of Sticks : 40 ( +/-2)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction with margin / plain
Packing – TYPE 1
10s - Polypropelene wrap
120s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping
1440s - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
Packing – TYPE 2
10s - Poly propelene or Printed paper
100s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping
1000s - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
Wax Safety Matches is made of quality duplex board of both inner and outer. Splints are made of perfectly chopped tissue paper and wax splints. Wax Safety Matches have a advantage of burning in damp condition and a perfect flame transfer to splints. Wax Safety Matches very handy for use.
APWG01 Specification
Size : 34mm x 28mm x 11mm
Splint Size : 32mm
No of Sticks : 40 ( +/-2)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red SIDE FRICTION : Dotted with Margin / Plain
Packing
10s - Printed paper
100s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping 1000s - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
APWC02 Specification
Size of box : 40 mm x 34 mm x 13 mm Splint Size : 32 mm
No of Sticks : 40 ( +/-2)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction with margin / plain
Packing
20s - Polypropelene wrap
100s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping
1000 - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
House Hold Safety Matches
These House hold Safety Matches are big in size and handy for lighting stoves, candles.They are packed in 2 pieces for easy retailing.House hold Safety Match Box is big for making it safety while striking.
APHC01 Specification
Size of box : 80 mm x 50 mm x 32 mm
Splint Size : 42 mm,
No of Sticks : 200 ( +/-5)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction with margin / plain
APHC02 Specification
Size of box : 70 mm x 48 mm x 21 mm
Splint Size : 35 mm
No of Sticks : 200 ( +/-5)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction with margin / plain
Packing
2s - Polypropelene wrap
20s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping
80s - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
http://www.apexmatch.com/veneer-matches.htm
Veneer Safety Matches
Veneer Safety Matches are matches for wet fields. Outer made of veneers which is sturdy and moisture proof which stays without collapsing. Veneer Safety Matches are suitable for farmers and fishing people who's working conditions are mostly wet.
APVG01 Specification
Size of box : 57 mm x 36 mm x 17 mm
Splint Size : 42 mm
No of Sticks : 50 MATCH STICKS ( +/-2)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction plain
http://www.apexmatch.com/Enquiry.aspx
Please take the content directly for this page.
Traduzione - Portoghese Caixa de Fósforos da Índia
Os Apex Match é um empreendimento conjunto de seis empresas profissionalmente administradas, que possuem uma rica e variada experiência de mais de quarenta anos na indústria de Fósforos. Todos na empresa são conhecidos pelo seu excelente compromisso na qualidade e são entidades estabelecidas nesse negócio. A união dessa indústria de fósforos tem o objectivo de aumentar as vendas, continuando a manter os padrões de qualidade. É importante notar que nos esforçamos por tudo isso a um preço junto.
CHEQUE NOSSOS PRODUTOS
1. CAIXA DE FÓSFOROS
2. FÓSFOROS LAMINADOS
3. FÓSFOROS CASEIROS
4. FÓSFOROS DE CERA
http:// www.apexmatch.com/contact.htm
Fornecedores De Fósforos Da India
AMSG JAYAKANAN
Director – Projetos e Investimentos [email protected]
Elogiado por
Vaigai Industries (India) Limited [email protected]
www.vaigaigroup.com
http:// www.apexmatch.com/about-us.htm
Exportadores de Fósforos da Índia
Nosso perfil
Os Apex Matches estão em Sivakasi, em Tamilnadu, no Sul da Índia, uma cidade famosa pela sua próspera indústria de Caixas de Fósforos e Fogos de Artifício. Os Apex Match é um empreendimento verdadeiramente singular, que assistiu à união de seis companhias pr ósperas, voltado para o aumento de vendas e ao mesmo tempo para os altos padrões de qualidade. Os Fósforos Apex já marca presença no mercado quando se trata de produtos de qualidade / Caixa de Fósforos.
A excelente infra-estrutura foi a razão principal do grande impulso desse empreendimento. A nossa paixão para manter a qualidade de Caixa de Fósforos em todas as fases, é compartilhada pela nossa equipe de mão-de-obra altamente competente e especialidade. O resultado é sempre uma adaptação rápida às necessidades do tempo e uma entrega imediata de acordo com o programa. Nós temos o orgulho de informar que a nossa capacidade total de produção é 8.000.000 Caixas de Fósforos por dia, constituindo 8000 cartões de Caixas de Fósforos por dia. 5% desta produção está voltada para as exportações. Nós agora temos o objectivo de aumentar a proporção de exportações para 50% da nossa produção total.
Talvez, o grande testemunho do nosso compromisso em assegurar a ‘satisfação do cliente’ é o aumento constante da nossa clientela, no mundo inteiro. É com essa convicção e confiança que estamos marchando para o nosso objectivo de alcançar uma liderança indisputável, neste campo altamente competitivo.
http:// www.apexmatch.com/quality-policy.htm
Fornecedores das Caixas de Fósforo da Índia
Qualidade e Estratégia
O nosso lema pela manutenção da qualidade de Caixas de Fósforo, durante toda a fase de produção, desde a procura de matérias-primas até a entrega final do produto/ Caixas de Fósforo, tem sido uma das principais forças por trás dessa aventura ...
As Caixas de Fósforo com Qualidade são controladas durante todos os níveis de produção.
Eles incluem:
• Recursos Humanos – mão-de-obra com alta qualidade
• Processo de Produção – Supervisão em todos os níveis.
• Padrões de empacotamento – tendo em mente o tempo e o caminho que envolve para chegar aos senhores.
Nós nos orgulhamos das facilidades laboratoriais com classe mundial onde as matérias-primas e produtos acabados de Caixas de Fósforo como caixas de fósforos feitas de papelão, Fósforos Laminados, Fósforos Caseiros, Fósforos de Cera são passados por uma série rigorosa de testes, a fim de assegurar constantemente uma qualidade excelente de Caixas de Fósforos. O nosso sucesso é devido à qualidade.
http:// www.apexmatch.com/about-siyakasi.htm
Safety Matches Sivakasi
Caixas de Fósforo Sivakasi
About Sivakasi
Sobre Sivakasi
Sivakasi is situated in the state of Tamilnadu in South India. It is a fairly large city, renowned for its match industry. The city is famed for the dynamic entrepreneurs, who are constantly striving for quality products/safety matches. Their constant innovation has seen then come out with quality products/safety matches, which are already a rage across markets, globally.
Sivakasi encontra-se em Tamil Nadu, no Sul da Índia. É uma cidade relativamente grande, conhecida pela sua indústria de fósforos. Ela é famosa pelos seus empresários dinâmicos que se esforçam constantemente em obter uma certa qualidade para os seus produtos / caixas de fósforos. Sua constante inovação produziu produtos de qualidade / caixa de fósforos, que já conquistaram o mercado no mundo inteiro.
More than 80% of the safety matches manufactured in Sivakasi like Cardboard Safety Matches, Veneer Safety Matches, Household Safety Matches, Wax Safety Matches is sent all over India as well as many other parts of the world. Sivakasi is fortunate to have been blessed with abundance of skilled labour, which is the primary requirement for safety matches industry. Unhindered supply of raw materials is facilitated by the good infrastructure available in Sivakasi
Mais de 80% das caixas de fósforos são fabricadas em Sivakasi, nomeadamente Cartões de Fósforos, Caixas de Fósforo Laminado, Caixas de Fósforo Caseiras, Caixas de Fósforo de Cera são enviadas para toda a Índia e para outras partes do mundo. Sivaki tem a sorte de ter uma abundante mão-de-obra, que é um requisito primário para a indústria de caixas de fósforo. O fornecimento constante de matérias-primas é facilitado por uma boa infra-estrutura disponível em Sivakasi.
Tuticorin is the nearest port and is located at a distance of 120 kms from Sivakasi. Madurai is the nearest municipal corporation to Sivakasi. Madurai is also well connected by air and rail to other parts of India.
Tuticorin é o porto mais próximo e está localizado a uma distância de 120 quilómetros de Sivakasi. Madurai é a corporativa municipal mais próxima de Sivakasi. Madurai está também muito bem ligada a outras partes da Índia por ar, estrada férrea.
safety matches sales office is also located at Madurai.
Os Escritórios de Venda das Caixas de Fósforo também se encontram em Madurai.
Cardboard Safety Matches is made of quality duplex board of both inner and outer. Splints are made of perfectly chopped Malabarica splints. Aspen and Imported splints are optional.
Os Cartões de Fósforo, no interior e exterior, são feitos de papel duplo com qualidade. Os palitos são feitos de lascas de Malabarica perfeitamente cortados. Aspen e palitos importados são opcionais.
APG5E - Specification
APG5E- Especificação
Card Board Box Size: 51 mm x 36 mm x 15 mm
Size of Splints: 42 x 2.2 x 2.2 mm Carbonized
Colour of Head: Black/Brown/Green/Red
No. of Sticks: 45 Match sticks (+/-2 sticks)
Side Friction: Solid Friction with margin / Plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos: 51 mm x 36 mm x 15 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 42 x 2,2 x 2,2 mm Carbonizados;
Cor da Cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Número de Palitos: 45 palitos (+/-2 palitos)
Fricção lateral: Margem / plano para fricção sólida.
APG5H - Specification
APG5H- Especificação
Card board Box size: 53 x 36 x 12 mm
Size of Splints: 42 x 2.2 x 2.2 mm Carbonized.
Colour of Head: Brown / Black/ Green /Red
No. of Sticks: 40 Match sticks (+/-2 sticks)
SIDE FRICTION: Dotted with Margin / Plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos: 53 mm x 36 mm x 12 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 42 x 2,2 x 2,2 mm Carbonizados;
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Número de Palitos: 40 palitos (+/-2 palitos)
Fricção lateral: Margem/ Plano ponteado.
APG4E - Specification
APG4E- Especificação
Card Board Box Size: 49 mm x 34 mm x 14 mm
Size of Splints: 40 x 2 x 2 mm Carbonized
Colour of Head: Black/Brown/Green/Red
No. of Sticks: 45 Match sticks (+/-2 sticks)
Side Friction: Solid Friction with margin / Plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos: 49 mm x 34 mm x 14 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 40 x 2 x 2 mm Carbonizados
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Número de Palitos: 45 palitos (+/-2 palitos)
Fricção lateral:. Margem / plano para fricção sólida.
APG4H - Specification
APG4H- Especificação
Card board Box size : 49 x 34 x 13 mm
Size of Splints : 40 x 2 x 2 mm Carbonized,
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
No. of Sticks : 40 Match sticks ( +/-2 sticks)
SIDE FRICTION : Dotted with Margin / Plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos: 49 mm x 34 mm x 13 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 40 x 2 x 2 mm Carbonizados
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Número de Palitos: 40 palitos (+/-2 palitos)
Fricção lateral:. Margem / Plano ponteado.
APC2 - Specification
APC2- Especificação
Size of box: 52 mm x 35 mm x 13 mm
Splint Size: 42 mm,
No of Sticks : 40 ( +/-2)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction with margin / plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos: 52 mm x 35 mm x 13 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 42 mm Carbonizados
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Número de Palitos: 40 palitos (+/-2 palitos)
Fricção lateral:. Margem/ plano para fricção sólida.
Packing – TYPE 1
Embalagem – Tipo 1
10s - Polypropelene wrap
120s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping
1440s - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
10 s – Embrulho poli propileno
120 s – Saco de plástico ou embrulho encolhido
1440 s – caixa castanha de exportação com 3 camadas com separador colorido.
Packing – TYPE 2
Embalagem – Tipo 2
10s - Poly propelene or Printed paper
100s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping
1000s - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
10 s – Embrulho poli propileno
100 s – Saco de plástico ou embrulho encolhido
1000 s – Caixa castanha de exportação com 3 camadas com separador colorido.
http://www.apexmatch.com/wax-safety-matches.htm
Wax Safety Matches
Fósforos de Cera
Wax Safety Matches is made of quality duplex board of both inner and outer. Splints are made of perfectly chopped tissue paper and wax splints. Wax Safety Matches have a advantage of burning in damp condition and a perfect flame transfer to splints. Wax Safety Matches very handy for use.
Estes Fósforos de Cera são feitos de cartão duplex com qualidade tanto na parte externa como na parte interna. Os palitos são feitos de tecido de papel cortado com perfeição e pontas de cera. Os Fósforos de Cera têm a vantagem de queimar em condições húmidas e uma chama perfeita é transferida para os palitos. Os Fósforos de Cera são fáceis de manusear.
APWG01 Specification
APWG01- Especificação
Size : 34mm x 28mm x 11mm
Splint Size : 32mm
No of Sticks : 40 ( +/-2)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Dotted with Margin / Plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos:34 mm x 28 mm x 11 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 32 mm
Número de Palitos: 40 palitos (+/-2 )
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Fricção lateral: Margem / plano ponteada.
Packing
Embalagem
10s - Printed paper
100s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping 1000s - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
10 s – Papel impresso.
100 s – Saco de plástico ou embrulho encolhido
1000 s – caixa castanha para exportação com 3 camadas com separador colorido.
APWC02 Specification
APWC02- Especificação
Size of box : 40 mm x 34 mm x 13 mm Splint Size : 32 mm
No of Sticks : 40 ( +/-2)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction with margin / plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos:40 mm x 34 mm x 13 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 32 mm
Número de Palitos: 40 palitos (+/-2 )
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Fricção lateral: Margem / plano para fricção sólida.
Packing
Embalagem
20s - Polypropelene wrap
100s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping
1000 - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
20 s – Papel polipropileno.
100 s – Saco de plástico ou embrulho encolhido
1000 s – caixa castanha para exportação com 3 camadas com separador colorido
These House hold Safety Matches are big in size and handy for lighting stoves, candles. They are packed in 2 pieces for easy retailing. House hold Safety Match Box is big for making it safety while striking.
Os Fósforo Caseiros são de tamanho grande e apropriados para acender fogões, velas etc. Eles estão empacotados em duas peças para facilitar a venda a retalho. A Caixa de Fósforos Caseiros é grande para ser seguro ao acender.
APHC01 Specification
APHCO1- Especificação
Size of box : 80 mm x 50 mm x 32 mm
Splint Size : 42 mm,
No of Sticks : 200 ( +/-5)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction with margin / plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos: 80 mm x 50 mm x 32 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 42 mm
Número de Palitos: 200 palitos (+/-5 )
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Fricção lateral:. Margem / plano para fricção sólida.
APHC02 Specification
APHCO2- Especificação
Size of box : 70 mm x 48 mm x 21 mm
Splint Size : 35 mm
No of Sticks : 200 ( +/-5)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction with margin / plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos: 70 mm x 48 mm x 21 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 35 mm
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Número de Palitos: 200 palitos (+/-5 )
Fricção lateral:. Fricção sólida com margem/ plano.
Packing
Embalagem
2s - Polypropelene wrap
20s - Polythene bag or shrink wrapping
80s - 3 ply export brown carton with one color screen
2 s – Embrulho poli propileno
20 s – Saco de plástico ou embrulho encolhido
80 s – caixa castanha para exportação com 3 camadas com separador colorido.
http://www.apexmatch.com/veneer-matches.htm
Veneer Safety Matches
Fósforos Laminados
Veneer Safety Matches are matches for wet fields. Outer made of veneers which is sturdy and moisture proof which stays without collapsing. Veneer Safety Matches are suitable for farmers and fishing people who's working conditions are mostly wet.
Os Fósforos Laminados são palitos para superfícies molhadas. A parte externa é laminada para oferecer mais força e fica à prova da humidade e não quebra com facilidade. A Caixa de Fósforos Laminados é apropriada para fazendeiros e pescadores que trabalham em condições que normalmente são húmidas.
APVG01 Specification
APHCO1- Especificação
Size of box : 57 mm x 36 mm x 17 mm
Splint Size : 42 mm
No of Sticks : 50 MATCH STICKS ( +/-2)
Colour of Head : Brown / Black/ Green /Red
SIDE FRICTION : Solid Friction plain
Tamanho de Caixa de Fósforos: 57 mm x 36 mm x 17 mm;
Tamanho dos palitos: 42 mm
Cor da cabeça: Preta/Castanha/Verde/Vermelha;
Número de Palitos: 50 palitos (+/-2 )
Fricção lateral:. Plano para fricção sólida.
http: // www.apexmatch.com/Enquiry.aspx
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Da Inglese a Dari: Poverty is multidimensional
Testo originale - Inglese Poverty is multidimensional; therefore, poverty reduction efforts have to be multi-targeted and are expected to show wide and diverse dimensions. The solutions have to straddle different disciplines and must encompass economic, social, political and institutional factors. The institutional environment in which the poor derive their livelihoods, and the socio-political factors that restrict their access to resources, can influence the relationship between economic growth and the level and extent of poverty.
Notwithstanding such diversity, economic growth will be crucial for [achieving the Millennium Development Goal of] poverty reduction, and sustaining the present high level of growth is a key challenge confronting Afghanistan. Post-conflict countries usually enjoy very high levels of growth for a few years after the end of the conflict. This is generally between the fourth and seventh years and reflects the initial low capacity of the country to grow and the time required to stabilise the political situation. In Afghanistan this period will be in 2005-08 during which growth could be 2 percentage points above average.
Even so, although the level of economic growth is important, it is the pattern of growth that is crucial. The annual per capita income is still below US$200, and nearly one out of every five households suffers from hunger at some period during the year. So another key challenge for Afghanistan is to ensure that this growth is pro-poor, i.e. the fruits of economic growth benefit the poor. What is needed is growth without a significant deterioration in income distribution. The more equitable the growth, the more widely will the fruits of economic expansion be distributed, especially to the poor, and the greater will be the likelihood of social stability. There is an immediate need to focus on support to formulation of pro-poor policies and strengthening capacities for poor and vulnerable groups through diversified income sources resulting from a combination of farm and non-farm activities as strategies for wealth accumulation or coping mechanisms against poverty.
Traduzione - Dari فقر چند بعدی می باشد از این جھت مساعی کاھش فقر باید چند ھدف داشتہ باشد و امید می رود کہ آن ابعاد مختلف و وسیع را نشان بدھد۔ حل آن مسئلہ باید از طریق رشتہ ھای مختلف صورت بگیرد و عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و اداری را در بر بگیرد۔ محیط اداری کہ در آن فقرا امرار معاش می کنند و عوامل اجتماعی و سیاسی کہ سد دسترسی آنان بہ منابع می باشد می تواند روابط بین رشد اقتصادی و سطح و میزان فقر را مورد نفوذ قرار بدھد۔
باوجود چنین تنوع، رشد اقتصادی برای [حصول ھدف توسعہ سده] کاھش فقر مھم خواھد بود و برقراری سطح عالی رشد فعلی بعنوان چیلنج کلیدی برای افغانستان می باشد۔ پس از حل مجادلہ، کشورھای دورۀ بعد از مجادلہ معمولاً برای چند سال از رشد سطوح عالی برخوردار می شود۔ این بطور عادی بین چھارمین و ھفتمین سالھا صورت می گیرد و نشاندھندۀ استعداد کم کشور نسبت بہ رشد می باشد و درآن وقت لازم وضع سیاسی کشور تثبیت می باید۔ در افغانستان این دورۀ در سالھای 08-2005 خواھد بود کہ در آن رشد 2 فی صدی فوق مجموعہ خواھد بود۔
گرچه سطح رشد اقتصادی مهم بشمار می رود امّا نقشۂ رشد حائز اهمیت است۔ در آمد سرانۂ سالیانہ ھنوز ھم کمتر از 200 دلار امریکائی می باشد و تقریباً ھر یک از پنج حانوادہ سالیانہ در یک زمان از گر سنگی متأثر می شود۔ لذا ديگر چیلنج کلیدی برای افغانستان این است کہ تضمین کند کہ این رشد حامی فقرا است یعنی فقرا از رشد اقتصادی برخوردار بشوند۔ ضروری است کہ رشد بدون ابتری در توزیع در آمد صورت بگیرد۔ ھرچہ رشد بطور مساوی خواھد بود، گسترش اقتصادی وسیع تر خواھد بود و بطور خصوصی فقرا از آن برخوردار خواھند شد و تثبیت اجتماعی بیشتر امکان پذیر خواھد بود۔ این فوری لازم است کہ بہ حمایت توجہ دادہ بشود و طبق آن سیاستھای حامی فقرا بعمل بیاید و استعداد فقرا و گروہ ھای ضعیف از طریق منابع مختلف در آمد قوی شود کہ آن ناشی از سرگرمیھا و فعالیتھای مزرعہ ای و غیر مزرعہ ای بشود کہ آن استرا تیژی برای جمع ثروت و طریقہ کار سازگار علیہ فقر تلقی خواھد شد۔
Da Inglese a Somalo: General
Testo originale - Inglese General
Employee Verification
We rely upon the accuracy of information contained in the resume and data presented throughout the hiring process and employment. Any falsifications or misrepresentations in this information could exclude the individual from further consideration for employment, or if the individual has already been hired, will result in the termination of employment. It is our policy to limit the access to information in employees’ personnel files. Human Resources is authorized to release an employee job title and dates of employment. If you provide written authorization to release specific information, that information may also be given.
Visitors in the Workplace
To provide for the safety and security of our employees, only authorized visitors are allowed in the workplace. Restricting unauthorized visitors helps maintain safety standards, protects against theft, ensures security of equipment and protects confidential information. All visitors should enter the facility at the reception area. Employees are responsible for the conduct of their visitors. If an unauthorized visitor is observed, an employee should notify his or her supervisor and direct the visitor to the Reception Area.
Attendance and Punctuality
Employees are expected to have regular attendance and to be punctual at all times. If illness or other reasons are cause to be absent or late, you must advise your direct supervisor as early as possible but no later than at the start of your shift. Other than unexpected illness, all other absences from work should be approved by your direct supervisor and Human Resources.
Traduzione - Somalo Guud
Cadeynta Shaqaalah
Waxaan ku kalsoonahay sax ahaanshaha macloomaadka la xariira tariikh –nololeedka la soo bandhigo markii la Ijaaranayo shaqaale iyo shaqo gelintaba . Wax aliyaaale ee maclooomaad ah ee beenabuurad ah ama isdhaafsan waxay kaa reebi kartaa ama ka saarikartaa tixgelinta shaqaaleenta . Hadii horay laguu Ijaaartay waxay sababi kartaa shaqada oo kaa dhamaata. Waa siyaasadeenna in la xadido oo aan helno macluumaad shaqaalah feelka shaqaalaha qofahaan . Wax soo saar ka dadka waxay awoood u leeyihiinin ay bixiyaan cinwaanka iyo tariikh-nololeedka ee shaqada. Hadiiaad bixisay awoodsiin qoraal ah in la siibixinkaro macluumaad khaas ah , macluumaadkaasi waa la sii bixinkaaraa.
Martida timaada Gooobta Shaqaalaha.
Si loo helo nabadgelo iyo amaan sugan ee shaqaalheenna , waxaa soo booqan kar oo kiliye martida loo fasaxy oo loo ogalaaday in ay soo booqaan goobat shaqada . reebanaatan ( mamnuucida) martida aan la ogalaan waxay sugeesaa amaanka sare , waxayna reebi ( haristaagi) xatooyada waxayn sii sugi qalabka amaanka waxayna xafidi macluumaadka sirta ah . Dhamaan martida waa in ay soo maraan habka goobta soo dhaweenta . Shaqaalaha iyaga ayaa mas’uulka ah in ay la xariiraan martidooda. Hadii la helo marti aan la soo fasixin shaqlaaha waa inuu la socodsii yaa u Horjoogahiisa waana in uu u hagaa martida dhinca soodhaweenta .
Imaanshaha (xaadiridda )iyo dhowridda waqtiga oo ann diblooga soo dhicin.
Waxaa markasto shaqaalaha laga filayaan in uu soo xaadiro si joota ah waqtigana dhowraan oo aysan dib ugu dhicin. Hadii ay soo siyaado ama soo kordho cudur (jiro) ama sababo kale ee keeni kara inaad maqnooto ama aad soo daahdo waa in aad si toos ah ugu sheegtaa Horjoogahaaga sida ugu dhaqsaha badan.Lakiin yaysan ka dib marin waqtiga shaqada.ay kuu bilaaban jirtay. Hadii ay soo daristo ama soo karodho cudur (jiro) lama filaan ah ama wax kasto oo lama filaan ah oo sababi kara in aad shaqada ka maqnooto waa in ay soo cadeeyaan Horjoogahaaga iyo waxsoo saarka dadka si toos ah.
Da Inglese a Urdu: ERPC (Evacuation of Retained Products of Conception)
Testo originale - Inglese ERPC (Evacuation of Retained Products of Conception)
Removal of pregnancy tissue from the womb
The purpose of this leaflet
Before you agree to have your ERPC it is important to know all you can about it. This includes:
• why you need this operation
• what it will be like
• how it will affect you
• what risks are involved
• any alternatives.
The information in this leaflet is a guide to common medical practice. Each hospital and doctor will have slightly different ways of doing things, so you should follow their guidance where it is different from the information given here. Because all patients, conditions and treatments vary it cannot cover everything. Use the information in this leaflet when making your treatment choices with your doctors. You should mention any worries you have. You can ask for more information at any time.
You will need to sign a consent form. This records what you agree to. It also allows you to consent to other procedures that become necessary. Make sure everything is quite clear to you. Mention anything you do not wish to have done. You can change your mind even after giving your consent.
What is the problem?
You have had a miscarriage but there are still some tissues left in your uterus. This is usually mostly the remains of your placenta. Bleeding continues until you pass this from your body or we operate to remove it. The remains also give a risk of infection in your uterus.
Your womb, also called your uterus, is where a fertilised egg should develop into a baby. The lining of your uterus is called the endometrium. Each month your endometrium prepares for pregnancy by thickening as part of your monthly cycle. When your egg is fertilised by a sperm, the resulting pregnancy lodges in the prepared endometrium. The covering of the egg grows blood vessels into the wall of your uterus. Your blood vessels mingle with those from the developing baby. This develops into the early placenta. The baby at this early stage is called an embryo. After eight weeks of development it is called a fetus.
Many miscarriages happen because the embryo fails to grow in the early days of pregnancy. This is often before the mother realises she is pregnant. The placenta, however, continues to grow for a short time, giving all the signs of pregnancy.
Eventually the placenta fails and the uterus contracts to expel the tissues. This can cause bleeding and pain. Sometimes, some tissues stay inside the uterus causing heavy bleeding and the risk of infection.
Before the operation
This is a minor operation and is usually carried out as a day case. You should be able to return to work within a few days. Get support from relatives and friends. You will need someone to take you to and from hospital and be with you for the first night after the operation. Check with the hospital about continuing with any drugs you already take.
Smoking - If you smoke, you should stop as soon as possible before your surgery. Stopping smoking will cut down the risk of problems with your breathing during and after the operation. Even if you give up a few days before the operation it will help.
Eating and drinking - The hospital will give you instructions about eating and drinking. It is important to follow these. Diabetics will have special instructions; inform your doctor if this applies to you.
Pre-op visits - The anaesthetist will examine you on the ward or day unit and discuss your anaesthetic, which depends on your overall health and the preference of your anaesthetist. S/he should cover the possible complications, risks and benefits of each option. There are other information leaflets covering the different types of anaesthetic available.
One of the surgical team will visit you. They will check that all the preparations are complete. They will ask you to sign the consent form.
The operation
This small operation will make sure that you have no pregnancy tissues left in your uterus. It will stop bleeding and reduce your risk of infection. The operation is called an ‘evacuation’ and the tissues left in your uterus are called ‘products of conception’. The full name of this operation is therefore ‘evacuation of retained products of conception’ or ERPC for short. It usually takes about 15 minutes but it may be longer.
You will lie on your back on an examination table with your knees bent and your legs supported on rests. This is similar to the position for a pelvic examination. Your vaginal area will be washed with an antiseptic. We surround the vaginal area with large drapes, often including leggings on the thighs. If it is not empty already, your bladder will be emptied using a catheter. This is a fine rubber tube that is passed into your bladder through your front passage.
We perform the operation through your vagina. We insert an instrument, called a speculum, into your vagina to hold it open. Other instruments hold open your cervix. We may need to gently stretch your cervix open. We do this using small, then gradually larger, rod-shaped instruments, called dilators. Widening the opening to your uterus in this way is called dilatation.
We remove the remaining pregnancy tissues using suction or small forceps. You may also have a curettage. This is a gentle scraping of the lining of your uterus to ensure that no pregnancy tissues are left lodged in the wall of your uterus.
We may give you an injection of a drug to make your uterus contract and stop any bleeding. We send the removed tissues for examination under the microscope in the laboratory. We place a maternity pad between your legs for any vaginal bleeding.
The benefits
Your uterus should return to normal within a few weeks. Your bleeding will stop and you will be less at risk of infection.
What if you do nothing?
Without an operation, your uterus will either discharge the pregnancy tissues or absorb them, but this could take many weeks. During this time there can be serious bleeding or infection, which may rarely be life threatening.
Are there any alternatives?
Medication can be given to speed up your body’s natural processes. You will either discharge or absorb the tissues and you are likely to have some bleeding and pain during this time. Medication can be very effective but the time it takes varies. It is not always effective so you may still need a surgical evacuation. This is a good option if you are prepared to accept the uncertainty.
What are the risks or complications?
Although we consider modern surgery and anaesthetics to be very safe all medical procedures have some risks. The risks increase if you:
• are unhealthy
• are very ill
• are overweight
• smoke
• have certain medical conditions, such as heart or lung disease.
Risks and complications of the anaesthetic
Your anaesthetist should discuss the possible complications, risks and benefits of the anaesthetic options with you. There are other information leaflets covering various anaesthetic procedures.
Risks and complications of the operation
• Pain - You will have some discomfort from needle pricks, injections, drip sites and soreness of the throat from the anaesthetic tube, but they pass off. There may be some discomfort in the lower abdomen and back, similar to a period pain, for a day or so after the operation.
• Blood clots - Blood clots can form in the veins in the calf muscles. This is called deep vein thrombosis or DVT. The chance of this increases with the length of the operation so it is very unlikely with this operation. In about one in 100 patients who get clots they cause severe swelling of the legs and can lead to leg ulcers in later life. In less than one in 200 patients the clots move through the blood stream to the lungs and cause a blockage in the circulation, called a pulmonary embolism or PE. This is very serious and can be fatal. We will give you TED stockings to wear and, maybe, blood thinning injections to help prevent this. Getting moving as soon as possible after your operation is the best way to reduce the risk of this.
• Bleeding - The instruments that we use to hold your cervix may cause damage. Your cervix can tear and bleed. Any curettage may cause a small amount of bleeding from the uterus. During the operation and in the first 24 hours afterwards, there may be more bleeding than expected if your uterus does not contract properly. We may give you a further injection or set up a drip to give you more of the drug that helps your uterus contract to stop the bleeding. It may be necessary to insert a pack in the vagina. It may be necessary to take you back to the operating theatre.
• Damage to the uterus - The evacuation of the pregnancy tissue may cause a hole in your uterus, called a perforation. This is uncommon, about one in 100 patients (1%). If we suspect this has happened we may need to do a keyhole operation, called a laparoscopy, to stitch up your damaged uterus. If there is serious bleeding or damage to other organs, we may need to do an open operation instead, called a laparotomy. Very rarely, we do not immediately recognise a perforation of the uterus. Internal bleeding may require you to return to the operating theatre to have a laparotomy under a general anaesthetic.
• Damage to the cervix - If your cervix is dilated too much it may be weakened permanently. We take great care to only dilate your cervix enough to remove the retained tissue. We usually open your cervix to 10mm diameter and this is rarely causes permanent weakness. If your cervix is weakened you may have difficulty holding a pregnancy in your uterus; it can cause miscarriage or pre-term labour.
• Infection - You may develop an infection in your pelvis, which would need treatment with antibiotics. We often give antibiotics routinely to try to prevent infections.
• Ashermann's syndrome - If you have an untreated severe infection, the endometrial lining of your uterus may be unable to recover. The cavity of your uterus may be affected by the infection and you may not be able to become pregnant and your periods will stop. This is a very rare complication.
After the operation
You will usually wake up in the recovery area with an oxygen mask on your face. You may have a clear fluid drip. This area has specially trained staff to look after you following your operation. They treat any nausea or pain.
On the ward - It is important to get out of bed soon after your operation despite any discomfort. You should help your circulation by regularly moving about and not staying in one position too long.
Going home - You should plan to leave hospital about six hours or so after the operation. Sometimes you may have to stay in overnight. We will give you an appointment to visit the outpatient department for a check up about six weeks after you leave hospital. The results from the examination of the removed tissue will be available then. Sometimes the results show that the tissue is abnormal. Special investigations, such as chromosome analysis, may be discussed. This may be important for future pregnancies.
At home
Take it easy at home. The drugs we give for a general anaesthetic make you clumsy, slow and forgetful for about 24 hours. This happens even if you feel quite all right. For 24 hours after your general anaesthetic:
• Do not make any important decisions.
• Do not use machinery.
• Do not drive.
Driving - You can drive as soon as you can make an emergency stop without discomfort.
Work - You should be able to return to a light job within a few days. Some heavy jobs may not be suitable for a longer period of time. Your doctor will advise you on this.
Exercise - Sport, apart from body contact sports and heavy exercise, may be possible after one month or so.
Sex - You should not restart sexual activity until you have had a discussion with your gynaecologist.
Author: Dr David Hutchon F.R.C.O.G. Consultant Gynaecologist.
The information in this leaflet is a guide to common medical practice. It should be used as a basis for discussion with your doctors when giving consent. Also, each hospital and surgeon will have slightly different ways of doing things, so you should follow their guidance where it differs from the information in this leaflet.
Further reading
For a more detailed description of this operation, including anaesthetic options and associated risks, please see our leaflet S6_07 ERPC - In depth.
For more information please see our leaflet IPI_263 Miscarraige.
You can find more information from NHS Direct on 0845 4647 or at www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk.
Support groups
The Miscarriage Association
The Miscarriage Association provides information and support for those who have lost a baby in pregnancy. It has fifty support groups across the UK, where people can meet and share their experiences and feelings. It also has a telephone network of volunteers who have had a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy. www.the-ma.org.uk. The Miscarriage Association, C/o Clayton Hospital, Northgate, Wakefield, West Yorkshire. WF1 3JS. Helpline: 01924 200799 (Mon-Fri 9am-4pm). Tel: 01924 200795
Tommy’s Campaign - Tommy’s Campaign funds a national programme of research, education and information aimed at understanding and preventing premature birth, miscarriage and stillbirth. www.tommys-campaign.org. The Tommy’s Campaign, 1 Kennington Road, London. SE1 7RR. Tel: 020 7620 0188
Patient Concern - Provides patient leaflets and a patient advisory service specialising in consent-related issues; campaigns for patient choice and empowerment. www.patientconcern.org.uk. Patient Concern, PO Box 23732, London SW5 9FY. Telephone/ Fax: 020 7373 0794. Email: [email protected].
The Patients Association - Provides a helpline, information and advisory service and publications; campaigns for a better health care service for patients. www.patients-association.com. The Patients Association, P. O. Box 935, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3YJ. Helpline: 0845 6084455. Office: 020 8423 9111. Fax: 020 8423 9119.
This document is due for review June 2005.
Traduzione - Urdu ای آر پی سی ( حمل کے باقی ماندہ چیزوں کا اخراج)
حمل کے ٹیسو کو رحم سے دور کرنا
اس اشتہار کا مقصد
قبل اس کے کہ آپ ای آر پی سی کے لئے رضامند ہوں آپ کیلئے لازمی ہے کہ مندرجہ ذیل باتوں کو جان لیں:
• آپ کو اس آپریشن کی کیوں ضرورت ہے
• یہ کس طرح کا ہوگا
• اس کا اثر آپ پر کیسا ہوگا
• کیاخطرات ہوسکتے ہیں
• دیگر متبادل
اس اشتہار میں دی گئی معلومات عام طبی عمل کے لئے رہنما اصول کی حيثیت رکھتی ہیں۔ ہر اسپتال اور ڈاکٹر کے علاج کرنے کا کچھ الگ طریقہ ہو سکتا ہے اس لئے ان کے بتائے ہوئے طریقہ پر کار بند رہیں خواہ اس اشتہار میں دی گئی معلومات سے یہ طریقہ مختلف ہو۔ اس کی وجہ یہ ہیکہ ہر مریض کی حالت اور اسکا علاج یکساں نہیں ہوتے اور ساری چیزوں کا احاطہ نہیں کرتے۔ آپ کو کسی طرح کی پریشانی ہو تو اس کا ذکر کریں اور مزید معلومات کیلئے کسی بھی وقت رابطہ کریں۔
آپ کو رضامندی فارم پر دستخط کرنا ہوگا جسے ریکارڈ کے طور پر رکھا جائے گا اس کے علاوہ دیگر کارروائیاں جو ضروری ہوں گی اس کے لئے آپ سے اجازت لی جائے گی۔ ہر چیز آپ پر واضح ہو گئی ہے اس کی یقین دہانی کرلیں اگر کوئی چیز نہیں چاہتیں اس کا ذکر کریں۔ آپ اپنی رضامندی دینے کے بعد بھی اپنے ارادہ کو بدل سکتی ہیں۔
پریشانی کیا ہے؟
آپ کو اسقاط حمل ہو چکا ہے لیکن ابھی بھی آپ کی بچہ دانی میں کچھ ٹیسو باقی ہیں یہ عام طور پر آپ کی مشیمہ کی باقی ماندہ چیزیں ہوتی ہیں جب تک یہ آپ کے جسم سے نہیں نکلتا یا ہم آپریشن کرکے اسے نکال نہیں دیتے تب تک خون آنا بند نہیں ہوگا اور اس کی وجہ سے آپ کی بچہ دانی میں انفکشن کا بھی خطرہ ہے۔
رحم جسے یوئیرس بھی کہا جاتا ہے وہیں بیضہ کی نشو و نما ہوتی ہے بچے کی شکل اختیار کرتی ہے اور بچہ دانی کے لائیننگ کو اینڈومیٹریم کہا جاتا ہے ہر مہینہ آپ کا اینڈومیٹریم (بچہ دانی کی اندرونی سطح) ماہواری کی وجہ سے دبیز ہو کر حمل کے لئے ساز گار ہوتی ہے پھر جب بیضہ حوینا منویہ سے مل کر بار آور ہوتی ہے تو اس کی وجہ سے حمل ٹھرتا ہے۔ بیضہ کی کورنگ خون کی نالیوں کو بچہ دانی کی دیوار میں پروان دیتی ہے پھر یہ خون کی نالیاں بچہ دانی میں پروان چڑھنے والے بـچے سے مل جاتی ہیں اور اس طرح ابتدائی مشیمہ کا شکل اختیار کر لیتی ہیں بچہ کے اس ابتدائی دور کو جنین کہا جاتا ہے اور آٹھ ہفتے کے بچہ کو فیٹس کہا جاتا ہے۔
زیادہ تر اسقاط حمل اس وجہ سے ہوتا ہیکہ حمل کے ابتدائی ایام میں جنین بڑھتا نہیں یہ ایسے وقت میں ہوتا ہے جب ماں کو حمل کا احساس نہیں ہوتا تاہم مشیمہ مختصر مدت میں بڑھتا ہے اور اس طرح حمل کی ساری علامتیں ظاہر ہوتی ہیں۔
آخر کار مشیمہ ناکام ہو جاتا ہے اور بچہ دانی ٹیسوز کو خارج کرنے کیلئے پھیل جاتی ہے یہ خون آنے کا اور درد کا سبب بن سکتا ہے اور کبھی کبھی کچھ ٹیسو بچہ دانی میں رہ جاتی ہیں جس کی وجہ سے بہت زیادہ خون آتا ہے اور انفکشن کا خطرہ بھی ہوتا ہے۔
آپریشن سے پہلے
یہ چھوٹا آپریشن ہوتا ہے اور عام طور سے ایک ہی دن میں کیا جاتا ہے اور چند دنوں میں آپ اس قابل ہو جائیں گی کہ کام کرسکیں رشتہ دار اور دوستوں کی مدد لیکر ان دنوں میں اپنا کام انجام دی سکتی ہیں۔ آپ کو ایک شخص کی ضرورت پڑے گی جو آپ کو اسپتال تک لے جائے اور لے آئے اور آپریشن کے بعد پہلی رات آپ کے ساتھ ٹھر سکے۔ کسی بھی دوا کو جاری رکھنے کے لئے جسے پہلے سے آپ لے چکی ہیں اسپتال سے مشورہ کر لیں۔.
سگریٹ نوشی – اگر آپ سگریٹ نوشی کرتی ہیں تو اپنی سرجری سے پہلے جتنا جلد ممکن ہوسکے سگریٹ نوشی بند کردیں۔ سگریٹ نوشی کو بند کرنے کی وجہ سے آپریشن کے دوران اور اسکے بعد میں سانس لینے کی پریشانی اور خطرات کم ہو جائیں گی اگر آپ آپریشن سے کچھ دن پہلے سگریٹ نوشی ترک کردیتی ہیں تب بھی یہ آپ کے لئے مدد گار ثابت ہوگا۔
خورد و نوش – اسپتال آپ کو کھانے اور پینے کیلئے کچھ ہدایات کرے گا لھذا آپ کے لئے یہ ضروری ہے کہ آپ اس کی اتباع کریں اگر کسی کو سوگر کا مرض ہے تو اس کے لئے خاص ہدایات ہیں۔ اگر آپ اس مرض سے دوچار ہیں تو اس کی اطلاع اپنے ڈاکٹر کو کریں۔
آپریشن سے پہلے کی ملاقاتیں – ماہرخدر (بے ہوش کرنے کا ڈاکٹر) آپ کا معائنہ ديگر ڈے یونٹ یا وارڈ کے ساتھ کرے گا اور آپ کے خدر ( سن کرنے کی دوا) کے بارے میں آپ کی صحت اور ترجیح شدہ مخدر کو مد نظر رکھتے ہوئے بحث مباحثہ کرے گا اور اس طرح وہ ممکنہ پیچیدگیوں،خطرات اور ہر اختیارات کے فوائد کا احاطہ کرے گا۔ اس کے علاوہ ایک الگ اشتہار ہے جس میں سن اور بے ہوش کرنے کے مختلف طریقوں کو بیان کیا گیا ہے۔
سرجری کرنے والوں کی ایک جماعت آپ سے ملاقات کرے گی اور سرجری کرنے کی مکمل تیاری کا معائنہ کرے گی اس کے بعد آپ سے رضامندی فارم پر دستخط کرنے کو کہے گی۔.
آپریشن
یہ چھوٹا آپریشن اس بات کو یقینی بنائے گا کہ آپ کے بچہ دانی میں کوئی حمل کا ٹیسو نہیں رہ گیا ہے۔ اس سے آپ کا خون بند ہو جائے گا اور انفکشن کے خطرات بھی کم ہوں گے۔ آپریشن کو ایویکویشن اور جو ٹیسو آپ کے بچہ دانی میں رہ گیا ہے اسے پراڈکٹس آف کونسپشن (یعنی حمل کی وجہ سے پیدا ہونے والی چیزیں) کہا جاتا ہے۔ اس آپریشن کا پور نام اس طرح ہے ایویکویشن آف ریٹینڈ پراڈکٹس آف کونسپشن (یعنی حمل کے باقی ماندہ اشیاء کو نکالنا) اسے مختصر اہم ای آر پی سی بھی کہہ سکتے ہیں۔ عام طور سے اس میں 15 منٹ لگتا ہے لیکن اس میں زیادہ وقت بھی لگ سکتا ہے۔
آپ کو ایکزامنیشن ٹیبل پر پیٹھ کے بل لیٹا دیا جائے گا اس حالت میں کہ آپ کے گھٹنے مڑے ہوں گے اور پاؤں کو اسٹینڈ سے جکڑ دیا جائے گا۔ اس کی حالت پیلوک ایکزامنیشن کی طرح ہوگی۔ آپ کی اندام نہانی کو اینٹی سپٹک سے دھویا جائے گا۔ آپ کی شرم گاہ کو بڑے کپڑوں سے ہم گھیر دیں گے۔ اکثر بیشتر ران تک کپڑا ڈالا جاتا ہے اگر آپ کا مثانہ خالی نہیں ہوتا تو کیتھیٹر کے ذریعے اسے خالی کیا جائے گا۔ یہ عمدہ ربر کا ٹیوب ہوتا ہے جس کو آگے کے راستے سے آپ کے مثانہ میں ڈالا جاتا ہے۔
ہم آپ کے اندام نہانی کے ذریعے آپ کا آپریشن کریں گے۔ اندام نہانی کو کھلا رکھنے کیلئے ہم ایک آلہ داخل کریں گے جسے اسپیکولم کہا جاتا ہے۔ دوسرا آلہ آپ کے بچہ دانی کے منہ کو کھلا رکھے گا۔ ہمیں اس بات کی ضرورت پڑے گی کہ آپ کے بچہ دانی کا منہ کچھ کھلا رہے۔ ہم ایسا ایک چھوٹا سا آلہ استعمال کرکے کریں گے پھر دھیرے دھیرے بڑا رڈ کی شکل کا آلہ بچہ دانی کے منہ کو کھولنے کے لئے استعمال کریں گے۔ اس رڈکو ڈائیلٹر کہا جاتا ہے بچہ دانی کے منہ کو کھولنے کے اس عمل کو ڈائیلیٹیشن (پھیلانا) کہا جاتا ہے۔
ہم حمل کے باقی ماندہ ٹیسو کو سکشن کے ذریعے یا چھوٹی سی چمٹی کا استعمال کرکے دور کریں گے۔ آپ کے رحم کی صفائی بھی ہو سکتی ہے۔ یہ صفائی بچہ دانی کی لائننگ کو دبے ہاتھ خرچ کرکے کیا جاتا ہے تاکہ اس بات کو یقینی بنایا جاسکے کہ حمل کا کوئی ٹیسو آپ کے بچہ دانی کے دیوار پر نہیں ٹھرا ہے۔
ہم آپ کو ایک انجکشن دیں گے تاکہ آپ کی بچہ دانی اپنی حالت پہ آجائے اور خون آنا بند ہو جائے۔ ہم آپ کے نکالے گئے ٹیسو کو لیباریٹری میں مائیکرو اسکوپ کے ذریعے جانچ کيلئے بھیجیں گے۔ ہم زچہ کے پیڈ کو آپ کے ران کے درمیان خون کو جذب کرنے کے لئے رکھیں گے۔
فوائد
آپ کی بچہ دانی چند ہفتوں میں اپنے اصلی حالت میں لوٹ آئے گی اور آپ کا خون آنا بند ہو جائے گا اس کے ساتھ ساتھ انفکشن کے خطرات بھی کم ہو حائیں گے۔
اگر آپ ایسا نہیں کرتیں تو کیا ہو سکتا ہے؟
اگر آپ آپریشن نہیں کرواتیں اس حالت میں یا تو آپ کی بچہ دانی حمل کے ٹیسو کو خارج کردے گی یا جذب کرلے گی۔ لیکن ایسا ہونے میں ہفتوں لگ جائیں گے۔ اس دوران بہت زیادہ خون آسکتا ہے یا انفکشن ہوسکتا ہے حو جان لیوا بن سکتا ہے۔
کیا اس کی کوئی متبادل صورت ہے؟
آپ کے جسم کے فطری عمل کو مہمیز دینے کیلئے دوا دی جائے گی یا تو آپ حمل کے ٹیسو کو خارج کر دیں گی یا جذب کرلیں گی اس دوران اس بات کا امکان ہے کہ آپ کو کچھ خون آئے یا درد محسوس کریں۔ دوا مؤثر ہوسکتی ہے لیکن جو وقت اس میں لگتا ہے وہ متعین نہیں۔ یہ دوا کھانا ہمیشہ مؤثر نہیں لھذا سرجیکل ایویکویشن کی ضرورت پڑسکتی ہے۔ یہ ایک عمدہ اختیار ہے اگر آپ غیر یقینی صورت حال کو قبول کرنے کے لئے تیار ہیں۔
کیا خطرات یا پیچیدگیاں ہو سکتی ہیں؟
حالانکہ ہم جدید سرجری اور بے ہوش کرنے کے عمل کو محفوظ سمجھتے ہیں تاہم تمام طبی کارروائیاں میں کچھ خطرات ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ خطرات اس وقت بڑھ سکتے ہیں جب آپ :
• غیر صحت مند ہیں
• بہت زیادہ بیمار ہیں
• آپ کا وزن بہت زیادہ ہے
• سگریٹ نوشی کرتیں ہیں
• کوئی خاص طبی حالات مثلا قلبی اور پھیپھڑے کا مرض۔
مخدر کے خطرات اور دشواریاں
آپ کا ماہر خدر ممکنہ پیچیدگیوں، خطرات اور مخدر کے فوائد سے متعلق آپ سے بات چیت کرے گا۔ اس کے علاوہ دیگر اشتہارات بھی ہیں جس میں مختلف مخدر کے طریق کار کو بیان کیا گیا ہے۔
آپریشن کے خطرات اور اس کی پیچیدگیاں
• درد– آپ سوئی دینے سے دوا کے ڈالنے سے کچھ تکلیف محسوس کریں گی اور حلق میں کرواہٹ بے ہوشی کرنے کے ٹیوب کو داخل کرنے سے محسوس کریں گی لیکن بہت جلد یہ زائل ہو جائے گا۔آپ کو ماہواری کی طرح ایک دن یا اس سے زائد پیڑو اور کمر میں آپریشن کے بعد تکلیف ہوگی۔
• خون کا جمنا– آپ کے پنڈلی کے عضلہ کے نس میں کہیں کہیں خون جم سکتا ہے جسے ڈیپ وین تھرومبوسس یا ڈی وی ٹی کہا جاتاہے۔ اس کا امکان آپریشن کے حجم سے بڑھتا ہے لیکن اس آپریشن سے اس بات کا بہت کم امکان ہے۔ سو میں سے تقریبا ایک مریض کو یہ بیماری ہوتی ہے جس کی وجہ سے اس کا پاؤں سوز جاتا ہے۔ اگر ایسا ہوا تو یہ بعد میں پاؤں کا ناسور بن سکتا ہے۔ دو سو میں سے ایک سے بھی کم مریض کا منجمد خون خون کی نالیوں سے پھیپھڑے میں پہونچ جاتا ہے اور خون کے دوران کو بند کرنے کا سبب بنتا ہے جسے پالمونری ایمبولزم یا پی ای کہا جاتا ہے۔ یہ بہت خطرناک بیماری ہے اور جان لیوا بن سکتی ہے۔ ہم آپ کو TED پہننے کو دیں گے یا خون پتلا کرنے کا انجکشن اس بیماری کی روک تھام کیلئے دیں گے۔ آپریشن کے بعد جتنا جلد ممکن ہوسکے آپ کو چلنے بھرنے کے قابل بنانا اس بیماری سے بچنے کا بہترین ذریعہ ہے۔
• خون آنا– جوآلہ ہم آپ کے بچہ دانی کے منہ کو پھیلانے کے لئے استعمال کرتے ہیں وہ نقصان دہ ہوسکتا ہے آپ کے بچہ دانی کا منہ پھٹ سکتا ہے اور اس سے خون آسکتا ہے۔ کسی بھی طرح کی صفائی بچہ دانی سے معمولی مقدار میں خون نکلنے کا سبب بن سکتا ہے۔ آپریشن کے دوران اور پہلے 24 گھنٹوں میں اور اسکے بعد امید سے زیادہ خون آسکتا ہے۔ اگر آپ کی بچہ دانی ٹھیک سے نہیں پھیلتی ہم آپ کو مزید انجکشن دے سکتے ہیں یا ڈرپ لگا سکتے ہیں جو بچہ دانی سے خون کو روکنے میں مدد گار ثابت ہوگا۔ آپ کے شرمگاہ میں کپڑے کا ایک پلندہ لگانے کی ضرورت پڑسکتی ہے۔ اور آپ کو دوبارہ آپریٹنگ ٹھیٹر میں لے جانے کی ضرورت پڑ سکتی ہے۔
• بچہ دانی کے نقصانات – حمل کے ٹیسو کو نکالنے کی وجہ سے آپ کے بچہ دانی میں ایک سراخ بن سکتا ہے جسے پرفوریشن یعنی سراخ کہا جاتا ہے۔ ایسا بہت کم عورتوں اور بمشکل ٪1 عورتوں میں پایا گیا ہے۔ اگر ہمیں اس بات کا شبہ ہوگا تو چاجی کے سراخ کے مانند آپریشن کی ضرورت پڑ سکتی ہے جسے لپپرو اسکوپی کہا جاتا ہےجس کے ذریعے آپ کی بچہ دانی کی نقصان زدہ جگہ کی سلائی کی جاتی ہے۔ اگر بہت زیادہ خون آرہا ہے یا دیگر اعضاء کو نقصان پہونچا ہے تو ہمیں اس کے بجائے ایک اوپن آپریشن کی ضرورت پڑ سکتی ہے جسے لیپرا ٹومی کہا جاتا ہے۔ بمشکل تمام ہم بچہ دانی کو چھیدنے کو قبول کرتے ہیں۔ اندرونی طور پر خون کے آنے کی وجہ سے آپ کو دوبارہ آپریشن تھیٹر کی طرف عام مخدر کے تحت لیپرا ٹومی کيلئے جانا پڑے گا۔
• بچہ دانی کے منہ کے نقصانات – اگر آپ کے بچہ دانی کا منہ حد سے زیادہ پھیل گیا ہے تو یہ ہمیشہ کيلئے کمزور ہوسکتا ہے۔ ہم اس بات پر پوری طرح توجہ دیتے ہیں کہ آپ کے بچہ دانی کا منہ اتنا ہی پھیلایا جائے جس سے حمل کے باقی ماندہ ٹیسو باہر نکل جائیں۔ ہم عام طور سے آپ کے بچہ دانی کے منہ کو 10 مم ڈائی میٹر پھیلاتے ہیں جو بمشکل تمام دائمی کمزوری کا سبب بنتا ہے۔ اگر آپ کے بچہ دانی کا منہ کمزور ہوچکا ہے تو یہ حمل ٹھرنے میں مشکلات پیدا کرسکتا ہے۔ اور اس کی وجہ سے اسقاط حمل اور وقت سے پہلے درد زہ ہو سکتا ہے۔
• انفکشن – آپ کے پیڑو میں انفکشن ہوسکتی ہے جس کے علاج کیلئے اینٹی بائیوٹک کی ضرورت پڑ سکتی ہے۔ انفکشن سے بچـنے کے لئے ہمیشہ ہم باضابطہ طور پر اینٹی بائیوٹک دیتے ہیں۔
• اشرمان کی بیماری – اگر آپ کو لا علاج بہت خطرناک انفکشن ہوتا ہے تو اس کی وجہ سےآپ کے بچہ دانی کی اندرونی سطح کی لائننگ دوبارہ درست نہیں ہو سکتی ہے۔ آپ کی بچہ دانی کی جگہ میں انفکشن ہوسکتا ہے اور آپ اس قابل نہیں ہو سکتی کی آپ کو حمل ٹھر سکے اور ماہواری ہو۔ یہ ایک شاذ و نادر بیماری ہے۔
آپریشن کے بعد
عام طور سے آپ کو ریکوری ایریا سے اس حالت میں اٹھایا جائے گا کہ آپ کے چہرے پر آکسیجن ماسک لگے ہوں گے۔ اور اس بات کا بھی امکان ہے کہ آپ کو واضح سیال دوا کا ڈرپ لگا ہو۔ اس ایریا کے ملازمین تربیت یافتہ بوتے ہیں جو آپ کی آپریشن کے بعد دیکھ ریکھ بخوبی کرسکیں۔ یہ لوگ کسی بھی طرح کی متلی اور درد کا علاج کر سکتے ہیں۔
وارڈ میں
یہ آپ کے لئے لازمی ہے کہ تکلیف کے باوجود آپریشن کے بعد بیڈ سے اٹھ جائیں باضابطہ طور سے چلنا پھرنا اور زیادہ دیر تک ایک حالت میں نہ رہنا خون کے دوران کے لئے مفید ہے۔
گھر واپس لوٹنا
آپ آپریشن کے چھ گھنٹہ یا اس سے زائد کے بعد گھر لوٹنے کا ارادہ بنا سکتی ہیں۔ کبھی آپ کو رات میں اسپتال میں رکنا بھی پڑے۔ ہم آپ کيلئے آوٹ پیسنٹ ڈیپارٹمنٹ میں چیک اپ کے لئے ایک وقت کی تعیین کریں گے جو تقریبا اسپتال سے جانے کے چھ ہفتہ بعد ہوگا۔ اس وقت تک آپ کے حمل کے دور کئے گئے ٹیسو کا نتیجہ آچکا ہوگا۔ بعض اوقات نتیجہ سے یہ پتہ چلتا ہے کہ آپکا ٹیسو غیر عادی ہے۔ خاص تفتیش مثلا کروموسم اینلائیسس کے سلسلے میں غور خوض کیا جائے گا۔ کیوں کہ یہ مستقبل میں حمل کیلئے اہم ہوگا۔
گھر پر
گھر پر خوش و خرم رہیں۔ جو عام مخدر ہم آپ کو دیں گے اس کی وجہ سے آپ کو کچھ بوجھل پن، سست اور بھولنے کی کیفیت میں تقریبا 24 گھنٹہ مبتلا کرے گا۔ ایسا اس وقت بھی ہو سکتا ہے جب آپ اپنے کو بالکل صحیح محسوس کریں۔ عام مخدر لینے کے بعد 24 گھنٹہ تک آپ:
• کوئی اہم فیصلہ نہ کریں
• مشینری کا استعمال نہ کریں
• گاڑی نہ چلائیں۔
ڈرائیونگ – جيسے ہی آپ کا خون آنا بند ہو اور آپ کو تکلیف نہ ہو تو آپ گاڑی چلا سکتی ہیں۔
کام – چند دنوں میں ہلکے پھلکے کام کے قابل بن جائیں گی۔ ایک لمبی مدت تک بھاری بھرکم کام اس کے لئے مناسب نہیں۔ آپ کا ڈاکٹر اس سلسلے میں آپ کو مشورہ دے گا۔
ورزش – کھیل کود، سخت جسمانی وزش ایک مہینہ یا اس کے بعد ممکن ہے۔
مباشرت – آپ جب تک زنانہ امراض کے ماہر ڈاکٹر سے مشورہ نہیں کرلیتیں اس وقت آپ مباشرت نہیں کر سکتیں۔
مصنف : ڈاکٹر ڈیوڈ ہٹچون ایف۔ آر۔ سی۔ او۔ جی مشیر ماہر امراض نسواں۔
اس اشتھار میں دی گئی معلومات عام طبی عمل کے لئے رہنما اصول ہیں جس کی بنیاد پر آپ اپنے ڈاکٹر سے اپنی رضامندی دینے کے وقت بات چیت کرسکتی ہیں، مزید یہ کہ ہر اسپتال یا سرجن مختلف علاج کے طریقے کو بتا سکتا ہے لھذا آپ ان کی ہدایات پر عمل کریں خواہ وہ ہدایات اس اشتہار میں دی گئی معلومات سے مختلف کیوں نہ ہوں۔
مزید مطالعہ کیلئے
آپریشن اور مخدر کی ترجیحات اور اس سے متعلق خطرات پر تفصیلی جانکاری کے لئے برائے مہربانی آپ ہمارا اشتہار: S6-07 ERPC کا مطالعہ کریں
مزید جانکاری کے لئے اشتہار IPI_263 اسقاط حمل کو دیکھیں۔
آپ این ایچ ایس ڈائرکٹ آن 0845 4647 یا www.nhsdiredt.nhs.uk پر مزید جانکاری حاصل کرسکتے ہیں۔.
معاون جماعتیں
مسکیرج ایسوسیشن
مسکیرج ایسوسیشن معلومات اور تعاون ان عورتوں کو فراہم کرتی ہے جو حمل کے دوران اپنے بچے کو کھوچکی ہیں۔ اس کی پچاس معاون جماعتیں ہیں جو پورے بریطانیہ میں پھیلی ہوئی ہیں جس کے ساتھ لوگ اپنے تجربات اور احساسات کو بانٹ سکتے ہیں۔ اس کے رضاکاروں کی جنہیں اسقاط حمل ہوا ہے یا ایکٹوپک پرگننسی سے دوچار ہوئی ہیں ایک ٹیلیفون نٹ ورک بھی ہے اسکا ویب سائٹ وپتہ یہ ہے www.the-ma.org.uk The Miscarriage Association, C/o Clayton Hospital, Northgate, Wakefield, West Yorkshire. WF1 3JS. Helpline: 01924 200799 (سوموار سے جمعہ تک 9 بجے سے 4 بجے دن میں) ٹیلیفون نمبر: 01924 200795
ٹومی کیمپین – ٹومی کیمپین ریسرچ کے قومی پروگرام، تعلیم اور معلومات جس کا مقصد حمل، اسقاط حمل اور وقت سے پہلے کی پیدائش کے سلسلے میں مالی تعاون فراہم کرتی ہے۔ اسکا وبب سائٹ و پتہ www.tommys-campaign.org. The Tommy’s Campaign, 1 Kennington Road, London. SE1 7RR. Tel: 020 7620 0188
پیسنٹ کنسرن – یہ جماعت اشتہار، مشورہ فراہم کرتی ہے اور رضامندی سے متعلق مسائل میں خصوصیت رکھتی ہے اور مریض سے متعلق اختیارات اور نوکری کيلئے مہم چلاتی ہے۔ اسکا وبب سائٹ و پتہ www.patientconcern.org.uk. Patient Concern, PO Box 23732, London SW5 9FY. Telephone/ Fax: 020 7373 0794. Email: [email protected].
پیسنٹس ایسوسیشن – یہ جماعت ہیلپ لائن، معلومات، مشورہ اور اشاعتی مواد فراہم کرتی ہے اور اس کے علاوہ مریض کے لئے بہتر حفظان صحت سے متعلق مہم چلاتی ہے۔ اسکا وبب سائٹ و پتہ www.patients-association.com. The Patients Association, P. O. Box 935, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3YJ. Helpline: 0845 6084455. Office: 020 8423 9111. Fax: 020 8423 9119
اس دستاويز کی نظر ثانی جون 2005 میں طے ہے
Da Inglese a Russo: A PROFILE
Testo originale - Inglese A PROFILE
Incorporated in 1992, Shyam Telecom Limited, a leading manufacturer of Telecom Equipment in India is the flagship company of the Shyam Group of India. The expanding horizon of the telecom sector in India has given Shyam new vistas and avenues for growth and expansion. Boasting of a wide range in telecom equipment currently being used in India, the company has always kept an eagle’s eye on the future.
Shyam’s R&D which is fully recognized by the Department of Science and Technology has been able to design new products. Shyam’s R&D wing is well-equipped with the latest and sophisticated testing instruments , CAD/CAM for design and assembly work besides having highly qualified engineers.
Shyam has been hailed as an innovator with a global vision. Apart from meeting specific requirements of the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Public and Private Sector, the Company has widened its horizon across international markets with its next generation of telecom system and solutions.
Shyam Telecom diversified and expanded on several fronts to consolidate its operations. Around $ 20 millions spent on expansion, of which $ 13 millions were invested in developing products like GSM/CDMA Repeaters, Wireless in local loop , VSAT and other systems. Another major diversification area is in cellular services (Rajasthan & North East Asia) and Basic Services (Rajasthan). Approx. $ 500 millions is being invested by SHYAM in these ventures over the next five years.
With revenues stated to touch $ 50 millions for the year 2002-2003, the company is well poised to provide a one-stop total telecom solution.
THE FUTURE IS ‘SHYAM’
Shyam Telecom is characterized by a broad spectrum of product that includes:
• Single Channel VHF/UHF radio telephone system
• Multi Access Rural Radio Telephone system
• 10/20/30/120 Channel Digital Microwave Radio
• Primay Channel Multiplexer, 8, 34, 140 MB & skip Multiplexer and
Optical Line Terminating Equipment (2 & 8 MB)
• VSAT Transreceivers
• GSM/CDMA REPEATERS & In building solutions
• WLL (Wireless in Local Loop Solution)
• SCADA
• ADPCM Transcoder
Shyam looks at the future with confidence. Shyam has exported these products to more than 30 countries worldwide including turnkey projects execution in many countries.
Traduzione - Russo ПРОФИЛЬ
Созданная в 1992 году компания "Шьям Телеком Лимитед" (Shyam Telecom Limited) является ведущим производителем телекоммуникационного оборудования и главной компанией группы "Шьям Груп оф Индия". Обширный рост телекомунникационного сектора в Индии дал компании "Шьям" новые перспективы и возможности для расширения и развития. Обладая широким ассортиментом телекоммуникационного оборудования, используемого в Индии, компания всегда проницательно смотрела в будущее.
Научно-исследовательский отдел компании "Шьям", полностью признаваемый министерством науки и техники, занимается разработкой новой продукции. Научно-исследовательский отдел компании "Шьям" прекрасно оснащен самым современным и сложным оборудованием, системами CAD/CAM для проектирования и сборки, а также имеет высококвалифицированных инженеров.
Компания "Шьям" всегда была инноватором с глобальным видением. Помимо выполнения специфических требований министерства телекоммуникаций (МТ), государственного и частного секторов, компания расширяет свою деятельность на международные рынки, поставляя телекоммуникационные системы и решения следующего поколения.
"Шьям Телеком" разносторонне развивается и расширяет свою деятельность на различные сферы, укрепляя свою позицию. На расширение уже потрачено около 20 миллионов долларов США, из которых 13 миллионов были инвестированы в разработку таких продуктов, как GSM/CDMA-ретрансляторы, системы местной радиосвязи (WLL), VSAT и другие системы. Еще одна сфера деятельности – это услуги сотовой связи (Раджастан и Северо-Восточная Азия) и услуги обычной телефонной связи (Раджастан). В течение следующих пяти лет примерно 500 миллионов долларов планируется вложить в эти области компанией "ШЬЯМ".
С прибылями, составляющими почти 50 миллионов долларов США за 2002-2003 год, компания занимает прочное место и нацелена на предоставление комплексных телекоммуникационных решений.
БУДУЩЕЕ - ЭТО "ШЬЯМ"
Компанию "Шьям Телеком" характеризует широкий спектр продукции, включающий:
• Одноканальные радиотелефонные системы VHF/UHF
• Сельские радиотелефонные системы коллективного доступа
• 10/20/30/120-канальные цифровые радиорелейные станции
• Аппаратура уплотнения основных каналов, 8, 34, 140 MB и мультиплексор пропусков, а также оконечная аппаратура оптических линий связи (2 & 8 MB)
• Приемопередатчики VSAT
• GSM/CDMA-РЕТРАНСЛЯТОРЫ для обеспечения связи внутри помещения
• WLL (решения местной радиосвязи)
• SCADA
• ADPCM-транскодеры
"Шьям" с уверенностью смотрит в будущее. Компания экспортировала вышеперечисленную продукцию в более чем 30 стран по всему миру, а также выполнила проекты под ключ в многих странах.
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Titoli di studio per la traduzione
PhD - J. N.U. New Delhi
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Anni di esperienza: 28 Registrato in ProZ.com: Apr 2004.
In multilingual communication since 1979, InfoTranstech India (P) Ltd has emerged today as the premier Translation company in Asia offering high quality Multilingual Translation & documentation services.
Professionally managed by a Senior Conference Translator, InfoTranstech owes its reputation of reliability to its uncompromising commitment to quality and on-time delivery at most competitive rates.
Our commitment to quality is ensured by our team of more than 600 highly qualified, professional Translators who are natives or having near native level proficiency alongwith a strong team of Revisers, Editors and DTP artists. We only depute native translators or those having native level proficiency on all your projects.
TRANSLATION & PRINTING: We undertake translation and typesetting in more than 60 European, African and Asian languages in science & technology, medicine, law, publicity & social sciences. A full spectrum of High-end computers, multilingual softwares and Internet tools are used to enhance the quality of content and presentation.
TRANSCRIPTION: InfoTranstech undertakes accurate & fast transcription of your audio and video cassettes.
AUDIO-VIDEO: We provide complete audio & video text adaptation, script translation & voice-overs.
INTERNET & WEB DESIGNING: Highly creative Web designing is another speciality of InfoTranstech. We also undertake comprehensive software localization.
CLIENTS: Government agencies, MNCs, UN agencies, Pharmaceutical and Engineering companies, Export-import firms, large Corporations in Private and Public sectors, Publishers and Trade Promotion Councils are among our major clients.
Sincerely,
Ashok Varma
B.Sc, M. A.(Translation), M. Phil. (Translation)
Managing Director
InfoTRANSTECH India (P) Ltd.
F-7, South Extension - Part 1,
New Delhi - 110049 (INDIA)
Tel: +91-11-24694013,24691536, 30932269,Fax : +91-11-24694558
E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]
Website: www.infotranstech.com
This user has reported completing projects in the following job categories, language pairs, and fields.
Project History Summary
Total projects
1
With client feedback
0
Corroborated
0
0 positive (0 entries)
positive
0
neutral
0
negative
0
Job type
Translation
1
Language pairs
Da Inglese a Persiano (farsi)
2
Da Inglese a Hindi
1
Da Inglese a Assamese
1
Da Inglese a Bengali
1
Da Inglese a Burmese
1
Da Inglese a Cinese
1
Da Inglese a Dari
1
Da Inglese a Francese
1
Da Inglese a Tedesco
1
Da Inglese a Gujarati
1
Da Inglese a Giapponese
1
Da Inglese a Kannada
1
Da Inglese a Kashmiri
1
Da Inglese a Khmer (centrale)
1
Da Inglese a Coreano
1
Da Inglese a Italiano
1
Da Inglese a Malese
1
Da Inglese a Maithili
1
Da Inglese a Malayalam
1
Da Inglese a Marathi
1
Da Inglese a Nepalese
1
Da Inglese a Oriya
1
Da Inglese a Punjabi; Panjabi
1
Da Inglese a Portoghese
1
Da Inglese a Pashto (Pushto)
1
Da Inglese a Rajasthani
1
Inglese
1
Da Inglese a Russo
1
Da Inglese a Sanscrito
1
Da Inglese a Sinhala (Singalese)
1
Da Inglese a Spagnolo
1
Da Inglese a Tamil
1
Da Inglese a Telugu
1
Da Inglese a Tibetano
1
Da Inglese a Turco
1
Da Inglese a Urdu
1
Da Inglese a Vietnamita
1
Da Inglese a Danese
1
Da Inglese a Indonesiano
1
Da Inglese a Svedese
1
Da Inglese a Ucraino
1
Da Inglese a Norvegese
1
Da Inglese a Finlandese
1
Da Inglese a Somalo
1
Specialty fields
Automobilistico/Auto e autocarri
1
Affari/Commercio (generale)
1
Computer (generale)
1
Other fields
Parole chiave: Translation, DTP, Multilingual documentation, subtitling, website localization, training, Foreign languages, Asian languages, European languages, African languages. See more.Translation, DTP, Multilingual documentation, subtitling, website localization, training, Foreign languages, Asian languages, European languages, African languages, Indian languages, French, German, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, tourism, Technical translation, legal translation. See less.
Questo profilo ha ricevuto 10 visite visite nel corso dell'ultimo mese, da un totale di 10 visitatori
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