Non-PRO English to Italian Medical Sports / Fitness / Recreation

Increased risk of shoulder injury occurs during throwing and shoulder transverse flexion and transverse adduction activities, particularly when the elbow travels behind shoulder. Risk is compounded with a protracted shoulder girdle. The strong stabilizing and dislocating forces of the Pectoralis Major (Sternal and Clavical) is counteracted by the Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and to a lesser extent, the rear deltoid and long head of the triceps brachii. This counter force is most crucial during: a) initiation of a transverse adduction/flexion (elbows behind shoulders, stabilizing force); b) during the end of a throwing movement (high deceleration dislocating forces required of the posterior cuff can cause breakdown in their tendons near their humeral attachment).