van Brabant, K. (2010). Operational Security Management in Violent Environments. Good Practice Review (New edition) 8.London, UK

Chapter 4 Evacuation, hibernation, remote programming and return

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4.2 Hibernation

4.2.1 hibernation scenarios
Hibernation in a danger zone can be voluntary or forced. Voluntary hibernation can be a good option when staying is safer than moving, or when time is needed to evaluate the ability to move (but bear in mind that hibernation can also put staff at risk: just because an agency and its assets have not been targeted in previous crises does not mean that they are forever secure). Forced hibernation can result from a rapid unfolding of events that could not be anticipated, or can be imposed if withdrawal becomes impossible (e.g. the scheduled plane does not arrive). Forced hibernation could mean that staff are confined to the same building for hours, days or even weeks on end.

4.2.2 preparing for hibernation
Identify and equip more than one retreat or hibernation facility, if possible. Long-term physical requirements include:
• food, water and essential medicine (including a post-exposure prophylaxis or PEP kit (see Chapter 12 on sexual aggression));
• facilities for sleeping, washing and using the toilet, and air circulation;
• fuel and equipment for cooking; and
• lighting, such as candles, flashlights and hurricane lanterns.

Long-term psychological requirements should also be taken into account; where possible, try to provide books and games, additional means to contact the outside world (radio, TV, telephones) and space for daily physical exercise.
Ensuring some means of communication with the outside world is crucial. This can be done through some combination of radio, mobile phones, satellite phones or internet access. It will require an ongoing power supply, such as a rechargeable battery. Keep in mind that generators can be noisy and can attract looters. In the event of looting, one of the most precious items to preserve is the means of communication. Try to hide a radio and aerial or satphone where it cannot be found, even if the whole site is being stripped down to the door frames.
Consider setting up safe rooms or bunkers if bombing is a possible risk. A safe room has no external doors or windows. Seek advice from qualified technical experts, as safe rooms and bunkers can be dangerous if not constructed to proper standards. This guidance should cover all practical considerations such as communications (keep in mind that a satellite phone requires a cable connection to an external antenna), access to power/generators and bathroom facilities.