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English to Romanian - Rates: 0.05 - 0.08 EUR per word / 15 - 25 EUR per hour Romanian to English - Rates: 0.05 - 0.07 EUR per word / 15 - 25 EUR per hour
English to Romanian: Cyanide in mining General field: Science Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - English The use of cyanide compounds in mining is frequently a controversial issue. Environmental groups often focus on the acutely toxic properties of many cyanide compounds to humans. The mining industry has argued that the dilute cyanide concentrations employed, the methods of use, and the rapid decomposition of these compounds make cyanide extraction a very safe alternative. Clearly the spill of almost two tons of sodium cyanide while being transported to the Kumtor mine, and the associated medical complaints and deaths have caused the public, especially in Kyrgyzstan, to reexamine these claims. While it is reasonable to be concerned about the acute poisoning of humans and other organisms from mining related accidents, the more common environmental problems are likely to result from the chronic contamination of surface and ground waters by lower concentrations of cyanides and related breakdown compounds. Such chronic releases are much more difficult to notice and evaluate than are acute, high concentration spills that are often associated with rapid, observable deaths of aquatic organisms. Also, because mining-related waste waters are usually complex mixes of cyanides, metals, organic reagents and other anions, it is difficult to determine which chemical constituents are causing the toxicity problems.
Translation - Romanian Utilizarea compuşilor de cianură în industria minieră este o problemă controversată. Grupurile de ecologişti se concentrează adesea pe proprietăţile toxice acute ale numeroşilor compuşi de cianură cu impact asupra sănătăţii umane. Industria minieră susţine că folosirea concentraţiilor diluate de cianuri, metodele de utilizare şi rapida descompunere a acestor compuşi fac din extracţia cianurilor o alternativă foarte sigură. Deversarea a două tone de cianură de sodiu în timpul transportului la exploatarea minieră Kumtor, precum şi problemele medicale şi decesele au determinat publicul, în special cel din Kyrgystan, să reevalueze aceste aspecte. Cele mai frecvente probleme de mediu rezultă din contaminarea cronică a apelor de suprafaţă şi subterane prin concentraţii mici de cianură şi compuşi asociaţi. Asemenea deversări cronice sunt mai dificil de observat şi de evaluat decât cele acute, cu concentraţii ridicate care determină decesul rapid şi vizibil al organismelor acvatice. De asemenea, deoarece apele reziduale rezultate din activităţile miniere reprezintă de obicei amestecuri complexe de cianuri, metale, reactivi organici şi alţi anioni, este foarte dificilă identificarea substanţelor chimice care creează probleme de toxicitate.
English to Romanian: salt mining and rock mechanics General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Mining & Minerals / Gems
Source text - English Most rocks including salts have ductile behavior in the plastic region similar to that of metals.
A great deal of attention has been paid to ductile behavior of salts because of geological and mining importance.
During the last decade or so particular attention to salt ductility has been paid in regard to nuclear waste disposal in salt domes.
One of the reasons for it is the high plasticity of the salt, which should prevent crack formation and possible escape of radio-nuclides from the repository to the biosphere.
However, cracks are found in virgin salt of domes and the question arises how they are induced.
Plastic or ductile deformation of salt observed at mine openings could be related to two phenomena.
1. Firstly, due to mining depth. With the increase of depth of salt below ground surface two processes are exhibited: increase of gravitational stress and increase of temperature due to the geothermal gradient.
2. Secondly, due to increase of temperature.
The appreciable increase of temperature should be expected due to radiation processes of nuclear waste deposited in the salt structure.
The increase of temperature will result in the transition of brittle to ductile salt, or to the magnification of plasticity of already ductile salt.
Translation - Romanian Majoritatea rocilor, inclusiv sarea, au un comportament elastic în porţiunea plastică similar cu cel al metalelor.
O mare atenţie a fost acordată comportamentului elastic al sărurilor datorită semnificaţiei geologice şi miniere.
În ultimul deceniu s-a acordat o atenţie deosebită proprietăţii de deformare a sării, în ceea ce priveşte depozitarea deşeurilor nucleare în domurile de sare.
Unul dintre motivele pentru acest lucru este marea plasticitate a sării, care poate să prevină formarea fisurilor şi eliminarea izotopilor radioactivi din depozit în biosferă.
Cu toate acestea, sarea nativă a domurilor prezintă fisuri, ridicându-se întrebări cu privire la modul de apariţie a acestora.
Deformarea plastică sau elastică a sării observată la deschiderea minelor ar putea fi corelată cu două fenomene.
1. În primul rând, cu adâncimea de exploatare. Odată cu creşterea adâncimii la care este situată sarea sub suprafaţa pământului, apar două procese: creşterea stresului gravitaţional şi creşterea temperaturii datorită gradientului geotermic.
2. În al doilea rând, cu creşterea temperaturii.
Ar trebuit estimată creşterea apreciabilă a temperaturii datorită proceselor de iradiere a deşeurilor nucleare depozitate în structura sării.
Creşterea temperaturii va conduce la transformarea sării casante în sare elastică sau la amplificarea caracterului plastic deja existent al sării.
Certified SDL Trados Studio Trainer (Advanced level)
SPECIALIZATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD
Bachelor Degree in Philology and Geography at “Babes-Bolyai” University Cluj-Napoca
Master's Degree in Environmental Science – Environmental Risk Assessment and Safety at “Babes-Bolyai” University Cluj-Napoca
Ph.D in Environmental Science – Environmental Impact of Industrial (Mining) Activities at “Babes-Bolyai” University Cluj-Napoca
I've been working in the environmental field since 2003, and I've been a freelance translator since 2005. http://www.romaniatranslator.ro/
My career in research gives me the opportunity to stay up-to-date on scientific and research findings and provides me with the most recent and reliable resources for my translations.
EXPERTISE
environment, sustainable development, renewable energy, environmental safety, risk assessment, environmental impact assessment, mining, natural and technological risks, disaster management, MSDS, ecology, geography, geology, health and safety, ecotoxicology, pollution prevention
mediu, dezvoltare durabilă, energii regenerabile, securitatea mediului, evaluarea riscului de mediu, evaluarea impactului asupra mediului, minerit, riscuri naturale şi tehnologice, managementul dezastrelor, fişe tehnice de securitate, ecologie, geografie, geologie, sănătate şi securitate, ecotoxicologie, prevenirea poluării
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